Is University Doing Enough Essay - 1818 Words

In recent years, Harvard, and other colleges, has improved its dining halls to become more sustainable and green. This change is in part due to the ever-growing attention on sustainability; there is a growing population of students who want to understand from where their food came, the impact of the university on the environment, and ways to reduce waste. Because of this popular topic, universities around the United States have turned to sustainable practices within their dining halls. Some efforts include recycling programs, food composts, tray-less dining, locally-sourced food, and much more. As a participating institution, Harvard has implemented some of these efforts. But, as a leader of colleges, is Harvard doing enough? Could there be obvious, easy efforts that Harvard is missing out on? Looking at other prestigious colleges with higher sustainability rankings, two main efforts seem to be missing from Harvard’s repertoire of efforts: student knowledge through multiple ca mpaigns and tray-less dining. Using a survey of Harvard students that eat at Annenberg, a freshman dining hall on campus, students seem to understand that something is missing. With all the efforts that Harvard has done to create a sustainable, green dining hall experience, the student-viewed reality sees a lack of these efforts; therefore, Harvard can take multiple measures, including campaigns to make students more knowledgeable about Harvard University Dining Services’s efforts and efforts likeShow MoreRelatedIs The N.c.a.a Doing For Protect Academic Integrity?1368 Words   |  6 PagesLabalsamo Written Expression I 7 December 2014 Is the N.C.A.A doing enough to protect academic integrity? (Final Revision) The National Collegiate Athletic Association is charged with the regulation of athletes, and all athletic programs in affiliated universities and colleges across the United States. The N.C.A.A. is the association charged with developing and implementing policies regarding athletics in colleges and universities. With such a role, the association is mandated to specify the minimumRead MoreIs The N.c.a.a Doing For Protect Academic Integrity?1330 Words   |  6 PagesIs the N.C.A.A doing enough to protect academic integrity? The National Collegiate Athletic Association is charged with the regulation of athletes, and all athletic programs in affiliated universities and colleges across the United States. The N.C.A.A. is the association charged with developing and implementing policies regarding athletics in colleges and universities. With such a role, the association is mandated to specify the minimum academic requirements for a student to participate in anyRead MoreFactors That Affect The Academic Performance Of College Students Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents of Ball State University that they should maintain good sleeping habits in order to perform better academically by providing evidence and analysis. Summary Sleep deprivation has become a common problem among college students. In Ball State University, there are students complaining about daytime sleepiness. Some of them couldn’t focus in class, and couldn’t learn anything taught by the professors. Most of them are not aware of the consequence of not having enough sleep. It will greatlyRead MoreRacial Hostility : Is The Effort From College Administrators Towards Racial Incidents Effective? Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Hostility: Is the Effort from College Administrators Towards Racial Incidents Effective? In modern days, there have been many reports on African-Americans who claim that they are unfairly treated at universities and that there isn’t any administrative responsiveness. Additionally, some say that the effort administrators are giving isn’t effective. Other students on these campuses say that the African-Americans are just overacting and that the incidents aren’t that serious. In contrast, administratorsRead MoreStudent Athletes Should to Be Paid Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesalready being rewarded enough with their education being paid, but even with the school’s help with their tuition and school fees, many have trouble paying personal expenses. Even though some people believe they shouldn’t be compensated for their hard work and dedication, it is the right thing to do, due to their lack of time occupied by sports and schoolwork. Many famous athletes in college such as Johnny Manziel and Tim Tebow bring in millions of dollars into the ir universities due to publicity andRead MoreThe National Collegiate Athletic Association1346 Words   |  6 PagesThe National Collegiate Athletic Association is charged with the regulation of athletes, and all athletic programs in affiliated universities and colleges across the United States. The N.C.A.A. is the association charged with developing and implementing policies regarding athletics in colleges and universities. With such a role, the association is mandated to specify the minimum academic requirements for a student to participate in any sporting activity. The association claims that it aims atRead MoreUniversity Education Should Be Free For Students With 3.0 Grade Point Average Or Higher998 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents that are struggling to pay for a university education and lately a university education is getting more and more expensive each year. There are many students who graduate high school but don’t receive a university education because they canâ⠂¬â„¢t afford one. Most of those students are really smart and can go somewhere in life, but they end up working for a minimum wage because a university education is just too much for them. For that reason, a university education should be free for all studentsRead MoreThe Factors Of The University Students1239 Words   |  5 Pageswhy university students plagiarise, moreover, it will show that ethical consideration is important to academics. According to Park (as cited in Ting, Musa and Mah, 2014, p.74) â€Å"Plagiarism is the theft of words or ideas, beyond what would normally be regarded as general knowledge†. Plagiarism is a common academic dishonesty action in universities, although university have their own penalties system to punish and warn those student who plagiarise, but it still occur constantly in universities. ThisRead MoreCollege Athletes Paid871 Words   |  4 PagesCollege Athletes Paid to Play College athletes are spending a significant amount of time working hard on a sport, however they are not getting enough credit. College coaches are receiving a numerous amount of money for what the players are doing out on the court or field. Also, some athletes feel they need to excel more in the sport then in the classroom, which can jeopardize their future. Student-athletes have other costs they need to pay for, but they have no time for a job due to practices, workoutsRead MoreThe Cause of Poverty in Mexico1527 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant cause of poverty in Mexico is the political economy of the country. The International Monetary Fund| |and World Bank-prescribed structural adjustment policies have been applied in Mexico because the government doesn’t carry out | |enough policies to encourage successful development. They cannot, for these international institutions lend money to Mexico on the| |condition that the nation open up its economy and cut social expenditures to repay the loans. The IMF and World Bank programs

Violence at Columbine High School Essay - 634 Words

Violence at Columbine High School The events that happened in Littleton, Colorado at Columbine High School in April were tragic. No one will nor should attempt to defend the actions of the two gunmen, but it is beneficial to look into the reasons that this did occur as a preventive measure of sorts. Simply looking back over the past few years of teenage violence a picture become clear of who the aggressors are : white males. There is definitely a strong relationship between the violence of late and gender. Better stated, the socialization of white males in contemporary American society has absolutely lead to the rash of tragic, violent outbursts in our school systems. The mechanisms of socialization utilize†¦show more content†¦Females are weak, they have no power. Males, on the other hand, are strong, aggressive and powerful. The guidelines for a man are clear and spelled out through a male’s societal functions. Men fight. Men fight wars. Men play sports, which are undoubtably violent. Men hold jobs. Men support their families. Movies portray men as the stronger se x. Rarely, though there are a few exceptions, the male is seen as the smarter, stronger, better sex. Men are action heroes. Men run countries. Men are sports heroes. And in the movies, women are reliant upon these strong men. All of this is expected of your average man. He is expected to live up to the standards set forth by our culture and evident in our history of colonialism, exploitation, oppression and imperialism. These expectations are strongly reinforced by the aforementioned playthings which are introduced to a male at a very, early, tender age. To reiterate, males are strong and agressive; females simply are not. Through virtually all the mediums of a didactic nature that we offer as a society (television, the entire entertainment industry, language, government institutions, public school text books, and history to name a few) the message is clear. The two gun men from Littleton experienced ridiculeShow MoreRelatedThe Columbine Influence: How a School Shooting Affected a Nation1494 Words   |  6 PagesThe Columbine massacre was one of the deadliest school shootings in U.S. history. On April 20, 1999, high school seniors Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold shot and killed 12 students, one teacher, and themselves. Twenty-five students were also injured, some very critically. While there had been many school shootings in America prior to this, the young age of the shooters, the number of victims, and the randomness of the people they killed shocked the nation. It has been 14 years since this tragedy andRead MoreThe Debate Over Gun Control889 Words   |  4 PagesSchool violence is becoming a worldwide issue, but is a particular problem within the United States. Violence can occur in many ways such as; bullying, school gangs, physical attacks, and fatalities involved with guns. School shootings have been on the rise over the past several years. To bring awareness to school violence, teachers, staff, and parents need to be further trained in noticing warning signs of depression and anger issues which may lead to bullying and disrespectful learning environmentsRead MorePublic Sc hools Have Improved Their Safety Protocols1299 Words   |  6 Pagestwo teenaged boys opened fire at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, killing 13 students and wounding more than 20 others before ending their lives later that day. This crime was the worst school shooting in the 20th century and it has drastically changed the ways our schools operate. Although schools today are still not 100% safe and have had a few incidents in the past 10 years, we are slowly evolving and becoming better each year. Because of the Columbine massacre, we have learned manyRead More Who Is Responsible For The Columbine Killings? Essay1293 Words   |  6 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Even since the shooting at Columbine High School caught the attention of America and all the world on April 20, 1999, high school shootings and other forms of violence at schools has been plaguing America during the last ten years. It is also found that most of the violence that occurs in high schools is cause d by young men. Students aren’t feeling safe at school anymore and parents are enraged that students could bring the weapons to school in the first place. Many people have broughtRead MoreChildren s Past Childhood Events1712 Words   |  7 Pagesattack, Dylan s writings, eric`s writings, why they did it, and what happened to the schools after the shooting. The events that day started out when Eric Harris arrives alone at the student parking lot at columbine high school and parks his 1986 gray honda civic in a space assigned to another student in the south junior parking lot (narrative timeline). Dylan Klebold subsequently arrives at the high school student parking lot alone in his 1982 black BMW. Dylan parks in another parking spotRead MoreCauses Of School Shootings1131 Words   |  5 Pages School shootings strike into the heart of every American. From Columbine to Virginia Tech to Sandy Hook, the thought of innocent young students being mercilessly mowed down wrenches one’s heart. Yet these events continue to happen, and in ever increasing numbers. What could possibly drive a person to commit such a horrifying act? That single question has created a fierce debate over the causes of school shootings and what should be done to prevent them. Experts and pundits have discussed gun controlRead MoreChanges in Policy after School Shootings647 Words   |  3 Pages Policies have changed since the shooting happened in Littleton, Colorado. Before Columbine the primary goal of law enforcement officers before and during a shooting was to set up a perimeter and await arrival of SWAT members (Erickson, 2001). This policy has changed in many states including Pennsylvania where police had been preparing for active shooters with local schools. Police are not able to wait the twenty minutes to an hour for SWAT to arrive at a scene which is why the state mandatedRead MoreMovie Analysis : Bowling For Columbine1459 Words   |  6 Pages Movie Paper: Bowling for Columbine Introduction For this assignment I applied the Social Constructionist Perspective to community violence after viewing the film Bowling For Columbine (2002) directed by Michael Moore. In his move, Moore focuses on examining the relationship between laws/policies surrounding gun control and violence committed in communities. The film starts out by showing Moore entering a bank and asking to open a bank account there so that he could get a free gun provided by theRead MoreJuvenile Crime and Violence in Schools Essay640 Words   |  3 Pagesopened fire at Columbine High School. This act of violence resulted in not only their own deaths but the deaths of many other innocent students and one teacher. However, this was not the first instance of violence in schools. There have been many other occasions of violent behavior among school age children, some as young as eleven years old, the past few years. We should carefully consider some possible causes of these tragedies, so we can seek a way to end the m. Promotion of violence, neglect of troubledRead MoreEssay on The Effects Of Columbine1169 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The 20th of April was the anniversary of the massacre at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado. The shooting deaths of 12 students and 1 teacher—and the two suicides of the teenage executioners and left many others psychologically and physically damaged. Who’s to blame? , On the issue of blame, of this massacre it is not music, or video games, and not even movies, it’s the shooters because everybody is responsible own actions. However, the parents could have

Mental Health Case Study On Sunny Boys Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Mental Health Case Study On Sunny Boys. Answer: Mental health recovery Mental health recovery is very vaguely understood. This is due to the fact that the different signs and symptoms of recovery shown by people having mental disorders can be different in each case. Different people follow different paths of recovery (McGorry, 2014). Therapeutics as well as personal recovery methods containing the uniting factors should be used in combination o provide appropriate care to the patient and bring about better recovery. This essay will be discussing the recovery pathway of the client Jeremy Oxley, who was a gifted musician and was the founder of the band the sunny boys. This essay will also describe about the six principles of recovery that Jeremy have supposedly to have followed (Williams et al., 2012). This essay will also focus on the ways of the personally recovery means that the carers have followed to bring about recovery in Jeremy. At last it will throw light upon why both clinical and personal recoveries are essential in bringing about better recove ry. Recovery of Jeremy Oxley has been related to the six principles of the recovery framework. Jeremy Oxley who was a surfing champion and a sorcerer and was the founder of a famous high school rock band had been suffering from schizophrenia for almost 30 years. His band dissolved due to the problems caused due the Jeremys disease (McGorry, 2014). He was consumed by the paranoid of alcohols and drugs, disturbed by the disturbing thoughts about his brother. The combination of medication and care given by his girlfriend Mary Griffith, Jeremy was once again brought back to his normal style. The recovery principle frame work provides with the idea of recovery and the lived experience. It throws light upon the practice domains and the key principles that a health care professional should follow to bring about the desired outcomes in the patients. The framework Recovery : the concept It supports a persons desire or potential or a recovery. Recovery is nothing but the process of changing ones attitude, feeling, goals, roles and skills. The recovery oriented approaches mainly focuses on the on the needs of people by stepping out from their own field of convenience and providing appropriate care to the patient. In the case of Jeremy Oxley, the recovery of Jeremy was followed by his return to normal life style (McGorry, 2014). Each and every person should try to bring his or her own recovery; a recovery has to be self directed. From the video it was evident that Jeremy had the potential to his own recovery. Although Jeremys wife played a big role in the recovery of Jeremy, he himself also took certain initiatives like he tried to recreate his band in the name of sunny boys, which became a success (Williams et al., 2012). A recovery oriented mental health practice refers to the primary health practice that is for the well being of a patient (Shanks et al., 2013). This type of a practice would help a person to take up his own recovery regimen. A person should be able to take his own control of life by adhering to the prescribed medications and therapies. In case of Jeremy Oxley, Griffiths, Jeremys wife along with his doctors struggled for 9 months to find the right methods to control the health issues of Jeremy (McGorry, 2014). They were finally successful in bringing out Jeremy from the darkness of Schizophrenia through medications and psychosocial support. The type of mental health care that should be delivered to the patient should be patient centered, which includes evidence based practice, psychosocial therapies and support (Keviargc et al., 2013). It is important that the person with the concerned problem should be taught to believe in life beyond illness. It is evident from the given case study that Jeremy got the support from her wife and her boys. Mary who was a nurse restricted the use of alcohols and drugs and provided rehabilitation to him (McGorry, 2014). It was found that Jeremy had been using several medications over many years, but could not bring any improvement. The main aim of raising this topic is that it is necessary to provide a spiritual care apart from the medications, which were previously lacking in Jeremys life. Recognition of the self determination of a patient is extremely necessary to provide a successful treatment to the patient. while dealing with patients having mental disorders it is necessary for the caregivers to lessen the seclusion, coercion and restraint, although if no such less restrictive ways are available , it is necessary to look for the alternative options of care, keeping in mind that the patient should not be harmed in any circumstances (Chien et al., 2013). A health care should be able to mange various tensions like positive risk taking, medico-legal requirements and patient safety. In case of Jeremy Oxley it is evident that Jeremy had stopped the intake of medications previously as he was concerned about the side effects of the medicines. But it was Marys incessant love and care that forced Jeremy to adhere to his treatment and dream of a new beginning (McGorry, 2014). There are several practice domains of the recovery oriented practice and service delivery. The domains are- 1. Promotion of a culture and language of hope. In case of treating persons with mental disorder irrespective the age, cast and creed, it is very important to choose the words of interaction. It is advisable that a carers language should be such that the patient feels valued, welcome and safe. It is very important to provide a conducive nonthreatening environment to the client to ensure a holistic care. In case of the sunny boy Jeremy Oxley, his key to recovery was his own wife and medication (McGorry, 2014). It is evident from the documentary that Mary and his boys were very supportive to Jeremy that helped to bring improvement in him. 2.Patient centered holistic care. It is necessary for a health care professional to perceive the life of the patient holistically (Slade et al., 2014). In case of Jeremy Oxley, it is evident that Jeremys closed ones were not affected by the stigma of the illness. People are in general afraid of the schizophrenic people and consider them as lost cases. But Mary probably understood the man underlying and understood that he needed a proper care. It can be perceived as the act of love or extraordinary commitment. 3.Supporting self management of the ailment A patient should always be provoked to understand his own treatment. In many cases these patients withdraw themselves from the society and often feel to end their lives. A patient should always be taught to believe in him or herself and should be optimistic about the life and future. All these should be considered as part of the care regimen (Hasson-ohayon, 2014). It is important for the caregivers to help the patients to shift from a position of helplessness and despair to hope. It is evident from the case study of Jeremy that unconditional love and proper therapies can bring back a person on track and get on with their lives. 4.Development of organizational commitment A collaborative care of approach is always required to serve better to the patients. The professionals involved in the palliative care team should be able to bring out their specific skills for providing appropriate care to the patient. In case of Jeremy Oxley it was seen that Mary, her boys, the doctors provided an exceptional service and work environment that helped in bringing improvement in Jeremy (McGorry, 2014). 5.In order to provide a friendly and conducive environment for the people with mental health problems it is important to uphold the human rights of those people. The stigma surrounding schizophrenia, keeps these patients, isolated from the society (Kate et al.,2013). It is required that every patients human rights are served irrespective of the socio economic status. This would definitely cater to the recovery of mental health in patients coming from different socio-economic background. Furthermore it can also be said that it is very important to impart knowledge to the family of the patient so that they can also be a part of the care program. It can be seen from the case study that it was Marys commitment as a nurse that she stepped in to Jeremys life and provided him with medications, life style changes and psychosocial therapies that brought hope in Jeremys life (McGorry, 2014). In order to promote a recovery oriented service in an organization it is important to ensure that a right conjugation of services, supports and treatments are provided. It is essential to remove all the barriers that are preventing the mental patients from accessing the healthcare (Williams et al., 2012). It has to be remembered that clinical and personal recovery have similar aims, to help a patient get recovery from mental illness. Each and every person in his or her life can face adversities, which might not be mental illness in every case, but they should recover from that. Similarly it is the duty of the health care professionals to help out those patients, get rid of the illness, barriers and the social stigma related to that. The life of Jeremy Oxley is a lesson which teaches that there is always light at the end of the tunnel, so as seen in Jeremys life. It is due to the love and the care provided by his loved one that Jeremy was reborn as a musician, reunited the sunny boys and got back to the normal pace of life. References Chien, W. T., Leung, S. F., Yeung, F. K., Wong, W. K. (2013). Current approaches to treatments for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, part II: psychosocial interventions and patient-focused perspectives in psychiatric care.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment,9, 1463. Hasson-Ohayon, I., Mashiach-Eizenberg, M., Elhasid, N., Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Roe, D. (2014). Between self-clarity and recovery in schizophrenia: reducing the self-stigma and finding meaning.Comprehensive psychiatry,55(3), 675-680. Kate, N., Grover, S., Kulhara, P., Nehra, R. (2013). Relationship of caregiver burden with coping strategies, social support, psychological morbidity, and quality of life in the caregivers of schizophrenia.Asian journal of psychiatry,6(5), 380-388. Kvrgic, S., Cavelti, M., Beck, E. M., Rsch, N., Vauth, R. (2013). Therapeutic alliance in schizophrenia: the role of recovery orientation, self-stigma, and insight.Psychiatry research,209(1), 15-20. McGorry, P. (2014). Film review The Sunnyboy.Australasian Psychiatry,22(5), 503-503. Shanks, V., Williams, J., Leamy, M., Bird, V. J., Le Boutillier, C., Slade, M. (2013). Measures of personal recovery: a systematic review.Psychiatric Services,64(10), 974-980. Slade, M., Amering, M., Farkas, M., Hamilton, B., O'Hagan, M., Panther, G., ... Whitley, R. (2014). Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery?oriented practices in mental health systems.World Psychiatry,13(1), 12-20. Vancampfort, D., Probst, M., Helvik Skjaerven, L., Cataln-Matamoros, D., Lundvik-Gyllensten, A., Gmez-Conesa, A., ... De Hert, M. (2012). Systematic review of the benefits of physical therapy within a multidisciplinary care approach for people with schizophrenia.Physical therapy,92(1), 11-23. Williams, J., Leamy, M., Bird, V., Harding, C., Larsen, J., Le Boutillier, C., ... Slade, M. (2012). Measures of the recovery orientation of mental health services: systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology,47(11), 1827-1835.

The Trickster Essay Example For Students

The Trickster Essay Karl Jungs explanation for the archetypes that surface in cultural andreligious literature is that they are the product of what he calls thecollective unconsciousness. That thread of consciousness that connects all humanbeings and cultures around the world. Yet it is not visible to the naked eye,one must look for the signs of it by researching cultures who are long gone andcomparing them to each other and our own. Studying it reminds us that all humansare bound together by a common source. The Trickster is an archetype that surfaces in many cultural andreligious stories. Each trickster is unique to its own culture, but alltricksters are bound by certain characteristics no matter what religion theyshow up in. Anthropologists would argue that each trickster should be evaluatedin its own cultural setting, but in order to see their archetypal value theymust be and can be evaluated as a group. Jung would say he is a manifestation ofour own collective unconscious. Evidence to support such a claim was found bypsychologist John Laynard. In his research on schizophrenia he found thequalities of the trickster surfacing in the disorder (p.54 Euba). This suggeststhat the Trickster is within all of us just sitting on the borderline ofconscious and unconscious though. We will write a custom essay on The Trickster specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now So who is this Trickster? He has many forms both human and animal. Hisphysical form seems to be particular to each religion. The best way to view atrickster is by his personality. He is Admired, Loved, venerated for hismerits and virtues, he is represented as thievish, deceitful, parricidal,incestuous, and cannibalistic. The malicious practical joker is deceived by justabout anybody; the inventor of ingenious stratagems is presented as an idiot;the master of magical power is sometimes powerless to extricate himself fromquandaries. (p.67 Hynes and Doty). The trickster seems to be a comedy ofopposites. For every good aspect of his persona there is an equal and oppositeaspect. In religious stories his role is very diverse. He is the breaker iftaboos. He provides comic relief to a religious myth. And he will pull offelaborate schemes to teach a moral lesson or expose the folly of men. The Trickster shares many attributes with man. In Native Americanstories he takes the form of the coyote. He is earthbound, like man, but isconstantly trying to transcend this fate. He is always attempting to fly (whichis the sign of a god to the Native Americans) with disastrous consequences. Nomatter how hard he tries he cannot escape the human condition. Perhaps thesestories are meant to teach Native Americans not to aspire to be anything morethan human. The Trickster can be seen as a parody of the Shaman, or the spiritualleader of the tribe. The Shaman looks to the supernatural for his strength whilethe coyote relies on his own wits. The coyote is always looking for the shortcut. Through meditation the Shaman is said to be able to fly. This is a sign ofhis divinity. The coyote always has an elaborate scheme for flight, likehitching a ride with a buzzard, but the end is always the same.( p.87 Hynes andDoty)Does this character sound familiar? Millions of kids grew up with thisvery same character, but we knew him as Wile Coyote. The Looney Toons characterthat was always after the Road Runner. The creators of him were interested inthe comedic value they saw in Native American stories and adapted him into acartoon. Wile would come up with some elaborate schemes, but in the end theresult was always the same. The long fall from the cliff to the ground. .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795 , .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795 .postImageUrl , .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795 , .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795:hover , .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795:visited , .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795:active { border:0!important; } .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795:active , .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795 .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6296eba4d718ce51f833d39f235ab795:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Should Cannabis be legal? EssayThe Trickster of Greek mythology was a God by the name of Hermes. Onceagain we see a sort of bridge between the average man and the gods. Hermes isthe only God in Greek mythology that is born to a nymph (a mortal) . Also withHermes we see the recurring theme of flight. Hermes is said to have wings oneither side of his head. In Greek culture Hermes is seen as a patron of facilitating roles asoppose to commanding roles (p.48 Hynes and Doty). Icons of Hermes were displayedin front of houses and where roads intersect. He is seen as guiding people intransition. Stories about him also provide comic relief and make him one of theGreeks favorite Gods. In Africa the Trickster we encounter goes by the name of Esu. Esu is agreat satirist and is always blamed when life plays a trick on the Africanpeople. Esu is also great at exposing mans follies. In one story two farmers wholive next to each other decide to make a pact that they will never argue witheach other again since they are such good friends. One day Esu put on a hat thatis black on one side and white on the other. He then walks between the twofarmers. The farmers then proceed to argue about the color of the hat that Esuis wearing. After the have fought for a while Esu returns and shows them thatthey are both wrong about the hat. He turns the hat inside out and shows themthat it is red.(p.54 Euba) Esu, both symbolically and through ridicule shows thefarmers their error. Once again we see the trickster (either by example or bytricking humans) telling people not to become too full of themselves or thinkthat they are somehow invulnerable in one way or another. After reading about these three tricksters I wondered if modern culturehad any of its own original tricksters. Then I found one in one of my favoriteTV shows; Star Trek the next generation. The character by the name of Q playedby John DeLancey is a classic trickster and a good specimen for the archetype. In Star Trek man is a constant voyage to better himself through knowledge, usingscience and reason as their Gods (like Freud, they are a product of theenlightenment philosophy). Q is as close as one can get to a God in the eyes ofthe 24th century human. He is a being that exists in a different continuum thanman, but in the human continuum Qs powers are nearly omnipotent. Here onceagain we see the not quite God, not quite human nature of the trickster. Q, as you would expect from a trickster, loves putting the arrogance ofhumans in its place. In one episode he does just that. Seeing what he thinks istoo much arrogance from the starship Enterprise, Q decides to take the big fishin the little pond (the Enterprise) and put it in a massive pond. Q teleportsthe ship to the other end of the universe to meet some of the enemies they canlook forward to meeting. This is when they meet the Borg. The Borg are muchstronger than the humans and just when it seems that the Borg will destroy theEnterprise he teleports them back to their end of the universe. Here we seeagain how the trickster reminds humans that there are many greater powers thanthem in the universe. Now that we have seen several examples of the trickster and his ways wehave a good way to identify him and understand him. In many ways he is areflection of the human desire to become more than human. He is also a reminderthat humans are just that, humans. The tricksters satire and ridicule serve asboth comic relief and reminders of our own obvious limitations as humans. Herepresents all those parts of our psyche from wishing to fly like a bird tothose that wish to rule like a God. It is fascinating to study his attributeswith in a collective and within ourselves. .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96 , .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96 .postImageUrl , .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96 , .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96:hover , .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96:visited , .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96:active { border:0!important; } .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96:active , .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96 .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0d75622705fa4ab4326d325dcbc26b96:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Robert Frost - Imagery In His Poetry EssayBibliography1. Mythical Trickster Figures, William J. Hynes and William G. Doty1993 The University of Alabama Press ; Tuscaloosa, Alabama2. Archetypes, Imprecators, and Victims of Fate, Femi Euba1989 Greenwood Press ; New York, New YorkCategory: Religion

International Court of Justice Essays

International Court of Justice Essays International Court of Justice Essay International Court of Justice Essay Unit 5 Int’l Business Issues and Ethics Marilyn Benjamin 1P5 American InterContinental University April 21, 2011 International Court of Justice The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the main judicial organ of the United Nations. It replaced by the Permanent Court of International Justice after World War II, when it was made part of the UN Charter drafted in San Francisco in 1945, International Court of Justice . According to international law there are two form of law, in which they both have a legal dispute when it is brought by individual countries; the two may give an advisory opinion on any legal question that is referred to it by authorized international agencies. The two are pretty much alike because they both have judicial authority over their respective established communities and they both speak English (World of Criminal Justice, Gale (2002). They make rules that are concerning the law and both interpret the laws, they are responsible for the laws and must settle any dispute between any states that is a part of their jurisdiction. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is between states and they stands firmly on their grounds. The international laws are more tradition and a non binding. They carry no precedential and their value are non-binding without conform of the States National laws. The members of the United Nations are eligible to bring cases before the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The jurisdiction court may voluntary with the (ICJ) which presents several countries. An Advisory opinion is basically an opinion by the court or a judge; member can submit their legal opinions to the ICJ in writing. I think the World Court is like any other court; everyone must abide by the rules of the court regardless of what the situation is. In today society people do what they want, we are guilty or we are not guilty, it’s up to the lawyers and the court to prove otherwise. Why some time they make a mistake ? Reference: . (2002). In World of Criminal Justice, Gale. Retrieved from credoreference. com/entry/worldcrims/international_court_of_justice

How to Ask for a Paper Extension in College

How to Ask for a Paper Extension in College The deadline for your college paper is fast approaching perhaps a little too fast.  You need to turn it in a little late, but you dont know how to ask for a paper extension in college. Follow these simple steps and give yourself the best shot possible. Try to ask for the extension in person. This may be impossible if you realize you need an extension at 2:00 a.m. on the morning the paper is due or if youre sick. However, asking your professor or teaching assistant for an extension in person is the best way to go. You can have more of a conversation about your situation than if you just left an email or voice mail message. If you cant meet in person, send an email or leave a voice mail as soon as possible. Asking for an extension after the deadline has passed is never a good idea. Get in touch with your professor or TA as soon as possible. Explain your situation. Try to focus on the following aspects of your situation: Make sure youre respectful of your professors or TAs schedule and time. If you know he or she is going on vacation 5 days after the original due date, try to turn your paper in before he or she leaves (but with enough time for them to finish grading it before they depart). Why do you need (vs. want) an extension?What have you done so far? (Show youve at least made an effort instead of simply left the assignment to the last minute.)What would you like your new deadline to be? Have a back-up plan in case your extension isnt granted. You may think your request is completely warranted; your professor or TA, however, may not. You may have to just suck it up and finish your assignment as soon as possible, even if its not as good as you had hoped. Its better to finish a not-so-great paper than to not turn something in. If, however, you feel like your situation really warrants some understanding (because of a medical or family situation, for example), you can always talk to your dean of students for additional support.

Current state of the US economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current state of the US economy - Essay Example The world always closely observes the political and economical spheres of the US. Undoubtedly, the waves in the US economy are reflected throughout the world economy. But the global recession which marked its beginning in December 2007 was a huge setback to their undisputed leadership in the world economy. US economy was deplorably affected by the global recession of 2008. The subprime mortgage crisis was the sole cause of this recession. A huge fall in housing related assets resulted in a global financial crisis. Oil and food prices went up like anything. This eventually went to the collapse of a number of financial enterprises like Lehman Brothers, Bear Stearns, Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and AIG etc. Automobile industry was also badly struck. It was a period of scrambled economic activity and negative expansion in GDP. The aftermaths of the late 2000s recession brought about overwhelming downfall in almost all phases of the economy. Contraction of GDP began in the third quarter of 2008 and was contracting rapidly by early 2009. Capital investment declined to the lowest rate in 50 years. As a result, the US had to face political instability as well. Decline in consumer credit, real estate bubbles, personal bankruptcies etc put the US economy into turmoil during this period. The GDP decline was about 5.1%. The US government announced a $700 billion bank bailout and $787 billion fiscal stimulus package to tackle the situation. The US was also struck by the draining of capital investment to developing countries like India and China which were not deeply affected by this recession. Government measures could not yield many results initially, but the economy started to regain its stability gradually, though in a slow pace. A poll by Reuters says that more than 50% of the Americans think that US is still in recession (Reuters polls). But according to official data of Bureau of Labour Statistics, a modest recovery is taking

Importance of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Importance of Life - Essay Example This paper will present personal thoughts about the two essays, establishing connections and oppositions, in the area of male-female communication at home. Inferences from the two stories â€Å"I want a wife† explains that wives take a very passive role at home. They offer support services to men after they leave home for work or education. The role of a wife when the husband is not at home will entail taking care of the children, supporting the dependants of the man, finance the man where necessary, as well as doing the daily chores. She is portrayed as one who should sacrifice for the man, by losing days of work, losing pay due to absenteeism as well as leaving her job after the husband gets employed. She is portrayed as the person to take care of the physical needs of the husband as well as those of the children while offering social support to the family (Tannen). A wife is presented as the one to offer support for the social life of the man, children – who she will babysit – as well as the guests of the home, who is required to serve. She is presented as the one to take care of the sexual needs of the man, whenever he feels the need, but she is presented as one that will not present her sexual needs. After all the devotion, she is supposed to accept her replacement, and at the same time absorb the burden of taking care of children after divorce (Brady). The story, â€Å"sex, lies and conversation; why is it so hard for men and women to talk to each other†...presents the woman as the talker of the family, but one who will not express herself in the pubic (Tannen). The case explains the ideal American family, where the man talks in public but not at home. The family outlook is supported by scientific findings that many marriage breakups – according to women – are caused by the lack of communication (Brady; Tannen). Women feel that men do not listen or pay attention to them, which could be explained on the basis of th e different communication cultures of men and women. Women – since their background as girls – relate in an expressive manner, while men relate in an authoritative, non-sentimental manner, which makes women feel like the men do not listen or communicate to them. Women make one another feel better, by demonstrating their shared problems, while men downplay the extent of the other’s problems, and will often not pay a lot of attention to the physical expressions of one another, like women. Through a research study on school children, it was demonstrated that women are expressive to one another – and the expressive aspect is what they expect from husbands – who are naturally passive in their communication and interactions. The problem rises from the need of intimacy among women, and the detachment of men from their feelings. The story ends in the call for an understanding of the cross-cultural nature of men and women, which will enhance their communica tion as well as the understanding of one another (Brady; Tannen). Discussion of the connections and the oppositions between the two stories â€Å"I want a wife† presents the wife as a highly passive member of the family, who will not question the instructions of the husband as well as her roles as a wife. â€Å"My wife must lose time at work and not lose the job† (Brady). The story â€Å"sex lies and conversation† is the opposite, as it portrays the wife as â€Å"

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde coursework Essay Example for Free

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde coursework Essay In the novel, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde which was written by Stevenson in 1886, a doctor known as Henry Jekyll is curious to know if it is possible to separate the two sides of human nature, good and evil. In his basement he creates a concoction to try and this is were Mr Hyde is introduced to the story. Jekyll drinks the potion and transforms into Hyde. Hyde is a prime example of pure evil, the complete opposite of Dr Jekyll but later on he is taken over by Hyde and it shows through him wanting to transform again after all of the crimes committed by his dark side. Stevensons objective for the novel was to get the reader to realize that nobody is perfect and everybody has a dark side to their personality. The Victorian era started in 1837 and ended in1901. This was how long Queen Victoria ruled for. Society in London was very posh and rich during that era. In the novel Dr Jekyll is one of these rich people. Although London was said to be a civilised place there were actually a few criminals who committed horrific rapes, decapitations and murders. Jack the ripper is one of them. This side of society back then represents Mr Hyde. London back then had dark fogy nights and some rainy nights, identical to the nights described in Jekyll and Hyde. nine in the morning, and the first fog of the season as the cab drew up before the address indicated, the fog lifted a little and showed him a dingy street. The setting is choosing Mr Uttersons path. The setting gives a picture that evil is trying to pick out Uttersons path, luring him into evil. The Fog gives the audience an airy and tense atmosphere. You feel that anything could happen and that evil is lurking somewhere beyond the fog but it is undetectable. Just like Mr Hyde, whatever will happen next is unpredictable. There is also a sense of suspicion as the fog lifted a little and showed him a dingy street. We wonder why the fog shows him a dingy street which is most likely infested with evil beings and we also wonder if Mr Utterson is wandering into a trap and this intensifies the suspence. Evil masterminds arent handsome and this shows when Hyde looks into the mirror for the first time for the audience to see. He is not easy to describe. There is something wrong with his appearance, something displeasing, something downright detestable. I never saw a man I so disliked He sounds like a hideous monster, deformed and gives the woman a feeling of hatred when she sees him. Most villains look discomforting like the ones in movies. Jekyll on the other hand is the complete opposite, handsome and liked by the women in the novel. This shows the difference between the good and evil in the novel and contributes to Stevensons objective of getting the reader to see the difference between good and evil. Hydes actions are animalistic and he shows a sign of superhuman strength when he beats Carew so rapidly his cane snaps and Carew dies. This emphasizes his anger towards Carew and this unprovoked attack is so brutal, it makes the made at the window faint from shock. and at that Mr Hyde broke out of all bounds and clubbed him to the earth. And next moment, with ape-like fury, he was trampling his victim under his foot and hailing down a storm of blows, under which bones were audibly shattered and the body jumped upon the roadway. At the horror of these sights, the maid fainted. This description shows how relentless Hyde is and he doesnt hold back his anger and lets loose a barrage of bone shattering blows. It is clear to the audience that he has channelled his anger into his physical strength then unleashes is all on Carew and the fact that Carew is beaten to death further expresses his anger and hatred towards Carew. His actions gives us an insight of what he is physically capable of doing and also makes us wonder if he is a human or a savage beast with intense strength. Back in those times reputation was a key factor to a well known wealthy persons life and Hyde lives on a dull dingy street whereas Jekyll lives in his humble abode to avoid being found out by Utterson and Enfield. They both are suspicious about Jekyll and want to find him out but they are unsure if they should ruin his reputation, so instead they keep a close eye on him and ask him a few questions. The information they find out they want to keep to themselves because they dont want to ruin Jekylls reputation in case he is innocent. Utterson and his acquaintance Mr Enfield do all they can to identify who Hyde really is. What gets them thinking is when Hyde tramples calmly over the little girl and Utterson wants Hyde to pay à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100 compensation and when he does, they realize that it is signed by Dr Henry Jekyll but they both promise never to talk about the case again, so they dont let it out into the public. Hyde is able to stay hidden from the two lawyers because of the area he lives in. The area is dirty, dingy, smelly and full of the low classed people. This way Hyde can keep a low profile and high status people wont voyage into this area and spot Hyde. He blends in with all of the citizens there. The women are poor and very savage and referred to as Wild harpies And all the time, as we were pitching it in red hot, we were keeping the women off him as best we could, for they were as wild as harpies This quote emphasizes the violent side to these women. They have unleashed their dark side, just like Hyde was unleashed from Jekyll and when Hyde gets into trouble, a woman laughs and says he deserves it. This lady shows her dark side and no remorse at this comment towards Mr Hyde. This makes you realize that not only Dr Jekyll has an evil side to his personality. This also makes us realise that everyone has an evil side to their personality. Stevenson presents the evil side of human nature in his novel, however he also captures the good side of human nature and this is shown when Henry Jekyll admits to his own guilt. The pleasures which I made haste to seek my disguise were, as I have said, undignified; I would scarce use a harder term. But in the hands of Edward Hyde, they soon began to turn towards monstrous it was Hyde, after all, and Hyde alone, that was guilty. Jekyll was no worse. Dr Jekyll is admitting to his mistakes and he reveals to us that Hyde was his disguise. He is taking responsibility for unleashing his dark side which is Hyde and refers to his actions as undignified. This shows that there is a good side to every human and he has displayed this through revealing that Hyde was to blame for all of the crimes committed and that Jekyll (his good side) was no worse. Overall Stevenson has shown us that no human is perfect. Everyone has a darker side to their personality. Good and evil is a regular part of human nature. Stevenson makes us realise that we are all capable of doing bad things but all choose not to for a variety of reasons.

Effects/Origins of Racism :: essays research papers

Today, the United States is respected around the world as an international business powerhouse, notorious for a flourishing capitalistic marketplace. However, the very foundation for this commercial capitalist market was rooted in the exploitation of Africans. At first, the primary use of North American land was to provide the raw materials necessary for the British to produce goods to the end user. The need for cheap laborers soon arose. Europeans filled this void through the use of free laborers—African slaves. Africans were viewed as inferior beings, mere property to be traded and used like a horse or a cow, which gave Europeans the notion that this practice was morally acceptable. At first, only wealthy Europeans could afford the goods produced by the African slave trade; however, the goods soon became affordable to the middle class and the demand for additional slaves grew rapidly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the time of the American Revolution, slavery was the very basis for the American economy. Most of the country’s industries revolved around and depended upon the use of traded peoples. If not directly using Africans to provide labor, most businesses in America somehow related to the use of this free labor and all Europeans benefited in some way. Textiles manufacturing was the staple industry during the Industrial Revolution, most of whose raw cotton was grown by enslaved Africans. Those not directly involved in the trade of Africans benefited from the purchase and sale of products created by the slavery system. The triangular trade emerged, allowing Europe and the American colonies to benefit, while exploiting blacks even further (to gain economically in Africa, one would have to take part in the trade by providing the laborers). The textile industry’s success was based on the use of slave labor, and without it, it’s questionable whether the U.S. would have become a major industrial power.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sons and grandsons of the earlier traders in slaves and slave-produced products benefited both directly (by becoming captains of the industries fueled by the slave trade) and indirectly (by the intergenerational transference of wealth). Americans not only gained economically, but also in terms of living conditions and life expectancies. Even the educational system (i.e. Brown University) benefited from the profits of the slave trade. Political figures that helped form the bases for our nation’s principles and are commonly viewed today as respectable, noble men (such as George Washington and Thomas Jefferson) were able to live their luxurious lifestyles because of their slave ownership.

Hunger Games Comparative Essay

Katniss Everdeen & Chris Stewart Imagine being only 14, having to take care of your family, worrying about shelter and food for your whole family. This was the situation Katniss Everdeen and Chris Stewart were put in. Something like this rarely happens and it’s not fair to the kids that is does. Normally you can’t compare fictional characters and nonfiction characters. However; in this situation it is very easy because they both had a similar childhood and upbringings.They both came out on top with a lot of pride, toughness and perseverance and the willing to take care of others. Katniss Everdeen is a fictional character in the book The Hunger Games. She is 16 years old and lives in a district called Panem in the poorest part of town called, The Seam. She lives with her mother and younger sister. Her father passes away during a coal mining explosion when she was 11 years old.After that tragedy Katniss’ mother went into deep depression and was unable to take care of her daughter’s, Katniss and Primrose. During her Mothers depression Katniss had to come and step up to take care of the family. Her family was on the verge of survival and on the brink of starvation. â€Å"I was determined to feed us†¦ I kept us alive† said Katniss. She did whatever it took to take care of them from walking miles to try and find scrapes from garbage’s in the rich part of town, to hunting in the forest for plants.That’s how her father got most of their food hunting illegally in the forest for plants. Katniss did something remarkable that changed her life forever by using these four words â€Å"I volunteer as tribute†. She saved her sister from basically dying at The Hunger Games and putting herself in that situation. She called it an ancient sign for saying â€Å"admiration† and â€Å"goodbye to someone you love. † She was also very skilled in archery, hunting and trapping. Having learning th

The Federal Minimum Wage

The federal minimum wage is a hotly debated topic and a main point that invariably separates the beliefs of the Democratic Party platform from the Republican Party platform. Today's federal minimum wage is $7.25 (Jamieson, 2018). The federal minimum wage is determined by the FLSA (Fair Labor Standards Act), and has not been adjusted from a $7.25 hourly wage since July of 2009. Because of the lack of advancement, many states have developed their own methods for determining minimum wage, but federally, any addition or subtraction must first pass directly through the FLSA (United States Department of Labor, 2018). States determine their minimum wage by analyzing their costs of living which differs depending on location, and analyzing their GDP (gross domestic product) per capita (Stoll, 2014). For example, the minimum wage in Montana as of January 1, 2018 is $8.30 per hour whereas in Massachusetts, where the cost of living is greatly increased, the hourly minimum wage is $11.00. There are 29 states that have an increased minimum wage adjusted specifically to the state's cost of living. The wages in these states range from $7.50 to $12.50 per hour (United States Department of Labor, 2018). Even though many states already increase their minimum wage many people living in the United States claim that the federal minimum wage is entirely too low. The preponderance of evidence suggests that increasing the federal minimum wage would have little effect on poverty and would in time reduce job security and increase unemployment. Other factors that could potentially be affected by an increase in the federal minimum wage include consumer prices, suppressed wages for higher skilled workers, and an increase in outsourcing. Prior to the 2016 election the Democratic Party platform was updated and members decided to adopt a $15 per hour minimum wage. They claim that $15 an hour is the only way that American workers can survive and support their families. The push towards an increase in federal minimum wage began in New York City four years ago when a group of fast-food workers went on strike. The movement caught the attention of many popular political figures and eventually the members grouped together to form the #fightfor15 movement (Seitz-Wald, 2016). Experts that claim the federal minimum wage is not sufficient to support a family and live comfortably argue that an increase to the federal minimum wage would provide an â€Å"important lift† to over 2.2 million people in the United States (Lu, 2017). Usually these experts begin their arguments stating that the federal minimum wage real amounts have eroded nearly 25% since 1968 (Scott & Perez, 2017). The federal minimum wage amounts to only $15,080 annually for full time employment. $15,080 is such a low annual income, experts predict that it is one of the main reasons why living standards have declined nationwide. This number may also contribute to the decline in economic stability, and the shrinking middle class (Lu, 2017). On a national level, supporters of the minimum wage increase provide data that proves the federal minimum wage should be at least $12.00 per hour based on the United States' GDP. A poll taken by The Economist reports that over 1.3 million people work at minimum wage, and nearly 1.7 million work below it, thus meaning these employees are not paid hourly rather are tipped employees (Komlos, 2015). Many people would associate a push for minimum wage strictly with larger cities and areas where the cost of living is significantly above average, however even in Montana, a republican dominated state, many citizens still are pushing for a higher minimum wage. Swartz, a home care worker residing in Great Falls, Montana claims that the amount she makes working for three caregiving agencies is simply not enough to support herself comfortably. The three agencies all pay over both the federal minimum wage and Montana's state minimum wage but due to the inconsistency of job hours she claims that making ends meet every month can be a difficult task. Swartz claims that typically some parts of low-wage workers are â€Å"overlooked†. People who do not make low wages and are not forced to work 70+ hour work weeks do not understand the struggle. Swartz also states that â€Å"Home-care workers, who help people stay in their homes and live with dignity, deserve a $15-an-hour minimum wage.† Attached to Swartz's article is a report published by The Alliance for a Just Society, which claims that the living wage in Montana is $14.36 an hour for a single person with no dependents. Montana determines their state minimum wage using the Consumer Price Index, and updates it annually according to the index. Still however, 3,329 Montana employees earn minimum wage which makes up about 1.2% of the entire workforce. Over half of Montana's minimum wage workers are older than 25 and over 60% are women (Jay, 2016). Beginning January 1, 2018 Montana again raised its minimum wage standard to $8.30 per hour. Governor Steve Bullock addressed the issue in an email that read â€Å"People who work full time for a living shouldn't be living in poverty. This modest increase in minimum wage means more Montana workers will have a little extra money in their pockets,† The workers who Bullock may have been addressing include workers in the accommodations and food industry and also the retail trade industry who are recurrently the largest number of workers that receive minimum wage (Tribune Capital Bureau, 2017). On the contrary, many experts counterclaim that an increase in minimum wage is not the extreme â€Å"poverty tool† that the Democratic Party is hoping for. In fact, one of the biggest arguments against raising minimum wage is the idea of individual states already taking care of the low wage issue. As stated previously Montana, is one of 29 states that already adopted a minimum wage that is higher than the federal minimum wage, and many experts believe that if states were to adjust their incomes according to their cost of living, etc. that would be better fitting rather than adjusting the entire nation's minimum wage. Dr. Simon Johnson, MIT Sloan expert, claims that raising the federal minimum wage would actually have unintended consequences, in the sense of reducing hiring and potentially increasing unemployment. He states â€Å"It is unlikely that states with lower living costs would be able to support a $15 per hour minimum wage increase, while keeping hiring processes and current employment rates the same.† He proposes a gradual, stepwise increase to the minimum wage that would occur over time. A drastic increase to $15 per hour would be too abrupt and would have career-changing consequences. A study completed by Harvard's Economic Department points out that most minimum wage earners are second or third job holders in households with other income sources. This could include teenagers, summer employees, etc. Another group that comes to mind when thinking about minimum wage workers is retirees who already receive financial benefits from savings and social security. It is unlikely that an increase in minimum wage would truly benefit the nation, simply because some people working for minimum wage are not attempting to support dependents or themselves entirely. Usually, they are people who are looking for a little extra money rather than needing money to pay for utilities, a house, a car, etc. An even more concerning drawback of raising minimum wage is the elimination of jobs. If the United States government were to demand businesses to pay entry-level workers $15 an hour there would be a huge decrease in job security and job availability. Because, most businesses do not pay entry-level workers at this wage, if they were required to do so, they may attempt to find other means of labor including robots, computers, or other advanced technology. In fact, the Nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimated that former President Obama's proposed $10.10 minimum wage, once fully implemented and in use, â€Å"would reduce total employment by about 500,000 workers.† Below is a political cartoon that shows the adverse effects of raising the current minimum wage. Although, many low-wage workers support and advocate for the idea of earning a $15 per hour wage, its effects could actually be deteriorating. Statistics show that raising the federal minimum wage to $15.00 per hour the United States risks eliminating roughly 550,000 part-time jobs and even if the minimum wage was raised to only $9.50 per hour nearly 1.3 million jobs could be lost. Previously, the United States has raised the minimum wage from $5.15 to $7.25, and adversely only 15 percent of the workers who were expected to gain from it lived in poor households. If the minimum wage today were to be raised to $9.50 per hour, only 11 percent of current minimum wage workers living in poverty would gain from this increase. In 2012, a study completed by the Wilson Review claims that both state and federal minimum wage increases between 2003 and 2007 had no effect on state poverty rates. Thus, proving the idea that increasing minimum wage does not provide a tool for lowering poverty levels. David Neumark and William Wascher performed over 100 minimum wage studies and found that about two-thirds of the studies had negative effects on unemployment. Thus, meaning that with an increase in minimum wage business owners and corporations would be forced to decrease their labor force and potentially cut long-time in employees in order to compensate for the wage increase. Half of the country's workforce is employed by small businesses. Raising the federal minimum wage is often cast largely as a necessity to ensure that many workers are able to earn a decent living, but in reality it's a complex issue. An example of this complexity has occurred in Oakland California in March of 2015 after they increased their statewide minimum wage by 36%, from $9.00 to $12.25 per hour. The effects are varying but some restaurants have raised their food pricing by nearly 20%, or adding a mandatory service charge and doing away with voluntary tips. The issue, business owners recognize and are working hard to resolve is finding the balance between paying a decent wage and keeping customers rather than driving them away. Some people claim that aside from the direct cost of doing business from salaries, they are also paying more for goods and services in their own communities. They question whether or not a higher wage will raise the cost of living for all employees, including those who currently earn a high-wage. Critics who are against raising the minimum wage also claim that if every entry-level worker was paid $15 an hour to begin with, many would lose incentive to get an education and move up to a higher-paying jobs. Ira Stoll, a minimum wage evaluator, states that † The lower the minimum wage, the more eager a minimum wage worker would be to enroll in a community college course at night, improve his/her skills, and apply for a higher-paying job.† Stoll also states that, â€Å"Making the entry-level jobs higher paying increases the risk that workers will get stuck in them for longer instead of moving on to something more rewarding. â€Å"Another point that many supporters fail to bring about is the idea of freedom of contract. This freedom is not directly protected by the constitution, but it as seen as a â€Å"natural right† and should be exercised. President Kennedy once said â€Å"The rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God. † Thus, meaning that if two free people want to enter into a voluntary contract or agreement that does not infringe on anyone else's rights or wellbeing the government has no right to step in and stop the deal that is being made. Experts use the idea of freedom of contract to prove that the government should not be involved in every contract made between two people. If a man wants to work for another for $5 an hour, and the other man wants to hire him and pay him $5 an hour than the government should have no authority to infringe on this deal. Raising the federal minimum wage would also affect welfare spending and could potentially increase taxes. Raising the federal minimum wage puts money into the pockets of the working poor people, but this occurs at the expense of business owners. By raising the minimum wage, politicians are taking the roundabout approach of minimum wage increase, rather than building actual political support for these policies. A report published by the Cato Institute claims that evidence shows minimum wage increase â€Å"disproportionately hurt the people they're supposed to help.† In this article the Institute cites a 2012 analysis of the New York State minimum wage increase from $5.15 to $6.75 per hour that found a â€Å"20.2 to 21.8 percent reduction in the employment of younger, less-educated individuals. † They also note that since 1995, eight studies have examined the income and poverty effects of minimum wage increases, and all but one of those studies have found that past minimum wage hikes had no effect on poverty.One of the largest concerns expert's share about a federal minimum wage increase is the impact it would entail on consumer prices. Basically, to raise minimum wage means to pay more people more money which has to be supplied from somewhere. Experts against the increase claim that the extra money will come from increased consumer prices. The 2012 Wilson Review notes: â€Å"A 2004 review of more than 20 minimum wage studies looking at price effects found that a 10 percent increase in the U.S. minimum wage raises food prices by up to 4 percent.† To back up this idea a report posted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago states that restaurant prices increase in response to minimum wage increases. The federal minimum wage is at a lower real value than it once was, but in order to change it law makers are going to have to look deeper into the problem rather than attempting to change the outcome quickly by increasing the minimum wage in all states to $15.00 hourly. Our country is unique in the nature that each state is able to make and regulate their own minimum wage and this matter is better dealt with inside certain states than from the federal government as a whole. There is most definitely a need in the United States to implement a method to decrease the rising poverty level, but this method should not be an increase in federal minimum wage because this method is directly related to rising prices, higher unemployment, job loss, and lack of job security. Small businesses, as stated previously, make up approximately 50% of the nation's workforce and if the government were to demand these businesses to pay their starting employees $12 or more, the businesses would be forced to either higher less people, lay off long term workers, or even more devastating, shutdown. This method proves ineffective in decreasing the families living underneath the poverty line and instead harms those workers who are higher-skilled and higher-paid.

Religious Pluralism Essay Example

Religious Pluralism Essay Example Religious Pluralism Essay Religious Pluralism Essay Essay Topic: Religion A major feature of religious geography is no single religion dominates the world. Authorities from many faiths have historically said theirs is the best way and only way but in reality new religions and new versions of older religions continue to spring up and then divide, subdivide, and provoke reform movements. Christianity claims the most members of any global religion, but Christianity is not a monolithic faith. There are thousands of forms of Christianity being professed. The migration, missionary activities and refugee movements, religions have shifted out of away from their country of origin. It is no longer easy to show a world map and say this country is assigned to a particular religion. In Russia there are not only Russian Orthodox Christians but also they have Muslims, Catholics, Protestants, Jews, Buddhists, Hindus, shamanists and members of new religions. In the United States there are now a sizeable amount of Russian Orthodox congregations. Buddhism arose in India but is now most pervasive in East Asia and popular in France, England, and the United States. Islam arose in what is now Saudi Arabia, but there are more Muslims in Indonesia than in any other country. There are also large Muslims populations in Central Asia and growing Muslim population in the United States. As religions spread geographically, one common response has been the attempt to deny the validity of other religions. In many countries there is tension between the religion that has been most closely linked with national history and identity and other religions that are practiced or have been introduced into the country. Protestant congregations are rushing to offer Bibles to the religious to citizens of formerly atheistic communist countries, with the idea of introducing Christianity to the people. Orthodox Christianity established in Russia more than thousand years ago managed to continue to exist despite communist rule, sometimes by collaboration with the oppressive authorities and sometimes by devotion in the midst of hardship, even though the Church structures were limited and controlled by the State. In some previously communist countries, old animosities between people of different ethnic backgrounds resurfaced with great violence once totalitarian regimes toppled. These intense ethnic and political struggles often put people of different faiths against each other, as in former Yugoslavia. Where the once was a seemingly peaceful society, horrifying atrocities arose among largely Orthodox Christian Serbs, Roman Catholic Croats and the Muslims living mainly in Bosnia and Hercegovina . The twentieth-century rush for materialism and secular values also fanned an increase in fundamentalism. Reactionaries do not want their values and life patterns to be spoiled by contemporary secular culture, which they thought to be crude and sacrilegious. They may try to withdraw socially from secular society even while surrounded by it. Or they may actively try to change the culture, using political power to shape social laws or lobbying for banning of textbooks that they feel do not include their religious point of view. Fundamentalism may be based on religious motive but it has been known to be politicized and turned into something of violent means. The devastating attacks by terrorists on United States targets in 2001 brought instant polarization along religious and ethnic lines. Hundreds of hate crimes were committed in the United States against Muslims and foreign immigrants who were mistaken for Muslims and were suddenly seen as outsiders as some Americans responded with fear and rage. Interfaith Movement Boundaries between religions are hardening in many areas, there has been a rapid acceleration of interfaith dialogue. Its the willingness of people of all religions to meet, explore their differences, and appreciate and find enrichment in each others ways to the divine. This has historically has been a difficult approach but many religions have made exclusive claims to being the best or only way. Religions are quite different in their external practices and culturally influenced behaviors. There are doctrine differences on basic issues, such as the cause of and remedy of evil and suffering in the world, or the question of whether the divine is singular, plural or nontheistic. Some religions claim to be superior which are difficult to reconcile with other religions claims. For instance the Quran acknowledges the validity of earlier prophets as messengers from God, refers to Prophet Muhammad as the Seal of the Prophets (Sura 33:40). This description has been interpreted to mean that prophecy was completed with the Prophet Muhammad. If he is believed to be the last prophet, no spiritual figures after he passed away in c. 632-including the Sikh Gurus and Bahaullah of the Bahais- could be considered prophets, though they might be viewed as teachers. Christians read in John 14:6 that Jesus said, I am the way, the truth, the life; no on comes to the Father but by me. Some Christian scholars believe that this is inappropriate to take this line out of its context and to interpret this to mean that they ways of Hindus and Buddhists are invalid. Relationships with other faiths were not the question being answered. Many people of broad vision have noted that this same principle exists in all other traditions. Every religion teaches importance of setting ones own selfish interest aside, loving others, harkening to the divine, and exercising control over the mind. Responses to Other Faiths There are several ways in which people of other faiths may relate to each other. Diana Eck, a Professor of Comparative Religion and Indian Studies at Harvard Divinity School and the Chair of the World Council of Churches committee on interfaith dialogue, observes that there are three responses to contact between religions. One is Exclusivism: Ours is the only true way. Eck and others have noted that this point of view has some value, for deep personal commitment to ones faith is a foundation of religious life and also the first essential step in interfaith dialogue. Eck sees the second response to interfaith contact as inclusivism. This may take the form of trying to create a single world religion, such as Bahai. It may appear as the belief that our religion is spacious enough to encompass all the others, that it is supercedes before all previous religions, as Islam said it was the culmination of all monotheistic traditions. The inclusivists do not see other ways as a threat and they fell all diversity is included in a single world view-their own. The third way is Eck discerns pluralism: to hold ones own faith and at the same time ask people of other faiths about their path, about how they want to be understood. The way Eck explains this is that the only point from which true dialogue can take place. It is a place which cooperation, true relationship can happen. Uniformity and agreement are not the goal but the goal is to collaborate, to combine our differing strengths for the common good. To make pluralistic dialogue more effective people must have openness to the possibility of discovering sacred truth in other religions. Interfaith Initiatives People of all faiths have started coming together to put their hearts together. Ecumenical conferences involved pairs of related religions that were trying to agree to disagree, such as Judaism and Christianity. Now larger numbers of interfaith organizations and interfaith meetings draw people from all religions in a spirit of mutual appreciation. In 1986 The Pope John Paul II invited one hundred and sixty representatives of all religions to Assisi in honor of the humble St. Francis, to pray together for world peace. In 1990 a great assembly of spiritual leaders of all faiths with scientists and parliamentarians took place in what until a few years ago would have been the most unlikely place in the world for such a gathering-Moscow, capital of the previous atheist Soviet Union. The final speaker at that event was Mikhail Gorbachev, who called for a merging of scientific and spiritual values in the effort to save the planet. There has been meetings of special interfaith throughout 1993 that were held around the world to celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of the 1893 Parliament of the Worlds Religions in Chicago.

Editing †A Tough-Love Statement

Editing – A Tough-Love Statement Here lately, the discussion from readers seemed  to be centered about where to find an editor (for cheap), or in some cases, just finding someone who will read a manuscript and offer feedback. My answers are pretty clear: 1) Hire an editor (and be willing to pay what it costs), and/or 2) Trade services with another writer on your level or higher (and be willing to invest time into their manuscript), and/or 3) Carefully select/start a critique group and be patient enough to workshop the story over time. Any wallet can work with one of more of those options. If you want someone to read your work, either pay for it or critique in return. We cant just be takers. But back to hiring an editor. Its tricky to find one you appreciate and can afford. A cheap editor doesnt always offer iffy quality. And an expensive editor doesnt always get it right. Thats why word of mouth is valuable when finding an editor. You want that conduit between someone you trust and the party youre hiring. Sometimes it takes more than one, or two. Which is why so many people ask me who I recommend. How do I get my edits done?  (Even with dachshunds in my lap?) 1) First, Im not a bad editor in my own right, so my manuscripts are fairly clean. Yours need to be, too. 2) Second, I used to use two critique groups, then outgrew them. With my first several novels, these two groups were invaluable. If you are in this stage, hunt high and low to find one or two that fit. Search online, too. And stick with them for a couple years or more. 3) Third, I gravitated to beta readers. Just a couple of serious critiquers, and I seriously critiqued their manuscripts in kind. 4) Fourth, I ultimately hired the strongest beta reader I knew. That is the stage Im in now. Being under contract, I cannot afford the time delay of a group. 5) Fifth, I am traditionally published, so I know my publishers editor will beat it up again another three or more times. For those who will ask (and those who already   have), the beta reader I use is now hiring herself out for edits. She is one of two editors at  Two-Step Approach, where youll receive two editors feedback on your manuscript. I love this combination because you receive two opinions for the price of one. Both of these women have reviewed my novels. One of them has critiqued every novel Ive ever written, and she knew me before I was published. I still use these two ladies for developmental edits, even with a traditional press. There are many fine editors out there. There are many fine critique groups. And many authors have synced with strong beta readers. It takes time (and sometimes money), but the resources are there. So, you invest time or money into edits, or both. Time is invaluable to everyone. Remember that fact when you ask people to read your manuscript . . . and how often you would do the same for someone else. And if you dont have the time, or feel you dont have the talent to critique someone else, then pay for it.

The Human Resources Implications of Greater Ethnic Diversification Essay

The Human Resources Implications of Greater Ethnic Diversification - Essay Example These policies have combined with demographic shifts to leave more and more companies with the most diverse workforce, both in terms of gender and ethnicity, than they have ever had before. Despite this, the human resources implications of greater ethnic diversity have far from ended, rather, they are getting exceedingly more complex. The fact is that, while hiring initiatives have led to greater diversity in the work force, this has led to a whole swath of other implications for human resources professionals. Furthermore, the process through which much of the diversity has been achieved, such as affirmative action hiring, have failed to have either positive business or social justice outcomes. Growing diversity has requires human resources professionals to innovate new methods of team formation and culture shifts in companies, which seem to be the only way to make the gains made by having an ethnically diverse workforce sustainable. The gains of having an ethnically diverse workforc e have been well understood for some time now. ... thnically diverse backgrounds provide insight into their own positions as well as for their coworkers (Jackson et al 1992), while corporations that have a great deal of ethnic diversity on amongst their board of directors tend to perform better in a wide variety of metrics, including profitability and revenue stream (Singh 2007). Furthermore, companies that seek to go beyond simply generating ethnic diversity through hiring practices, but also entrenching cultural values that promote and respect diverse modes of thought have a whole slew of other benefits. Their workforces tend to have more a more collective orientation, more open modes of communication, and are better able to recognize talent from individuals of diverse backgrounds (Martin-Alcaraz 2011). While some indicators of the gains of diverse companies may seem coincidental (and there is a chance, especially with instances with small population studies, such as boards of directors), it does seem that a great deal of ethnic di versity has direct positive impacts for companies that foster such an atmosphere. The goals of diversity initiatives are also obviously not founded solely on improving performance, though this does seem to be an effect of a positively constructed diversity program. Diversity is also important for companies to meet social and ethical requirements and behave as good â€Å"corporate citizens.† The fact is, that with the growing ethnic diversity that has come with globalization, a work force that is not diverse represents a form of oppression rather than a lack of outreach or other such measures. A workforce should resemble the population that surrounds it, and if it has a significant difference, then the company needs to ask itself how and why it is actively excluding portions of the

Financial deficit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial deficit - Essay Example In the year 1886, British North America debt charges were amount to 28.9 percent of total government expenditures. Economic growth trends have the potential to influence financial deficits of government budget. Since taxes are one of the major sources of income of the government, increase in tax collection increases government revenues that further help to reduce the fiscal deficit for a financial year. Conversely, at times of economic downturns the government expenditures are found to increase considerably. Financial deficit is a condition when the total expenditures of an entity exceed the revenue generated by it, but excluding any external borrowings. The financial deficit of a government of any country is generally called ‘fiscal deficit’. A government has to prepare a budget which proposes expected revenues and spending for a financial year. If the budget estimates that the overall revenues to exceed overall expenditure for the given financial year, then such budget will have surplus or positive balance which is then termed as budget surplus. On the other hand, when the overall government spending exceed total revenues for given financial year the budget has negative balance and it is called fiscal deficit. The budget surplus is generally invested elsewhere like the government bonds and treasury bills of another country, etc. whereas a budget deficit has to be financed using external borrowings in order to balance the budget. In the past, government debt had incurred almost exclusively for some of great public works such as harbours, canals, ship channels, railways, roads for transport, and so on. In the year 1886, British North America debt charges were amount to 28.9 percent of total government expenditures. During the Rothschild dynasty in the late 18th century, the deficit could only be financed by taking loans

The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show - Essay Example The paper "The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show" explores the Fashion Show of Victoria Secret. People who are always attracted to Victoria's Secret Fashion Show are the middle class. One of the reasons as to why it is believed that Victoria's Secret Fashion Show can target both is that they are always entertaining. Victoria’s Secret knows exactly how they can be able to attract both men and women to their fashion shows. Aspects such as sparkling runway, unique fashion creations, and performances by artists are ways through which these fashion shows have been able to become irresistible to men. While men go to the show to watch the gorgeous models, women would go with the aim of catching up with some of the trends in fashion. The main objective of Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is to market products that are produced by Victoria’s Secrets. The company is well aware of the fact that the targeted market is always keen on fashion, fashion show is a way through which they can be able to showcase women of their new products so that they can enhance awareness or individual products and the brand at large. Through the use of some of the popular fashion models, the company is able to enhance the demand or their products. This is a more interactive way of advertising products as it has been observed to enhance brand loyalty. Even the men who are not always keen on fashion, especially women fashion can be introduced to the world of lingerie and nightwear because they will definitely be exposed some products.

Effect of Corporate Governance on Attracting Investors

Effect of Corporate Governance on Attracting Investors Corporate governance is the way of corporation being directed which is involves a relationship between the manager , the shareholders , and other stakeholders of the company. The use of corporate governance is to provides the structure through which the objectives of the company are set. In adopting a good corporate governance, companies should be transparent of the financial reports. Now adays most company around the world have adopt good corporate governance system , but some of the countries have not adopt the system. In this project , it will contain a research of the corporate governance status in Indonesia. Wether most of company in Indonesia have adopted a good corporate governance or not. Inside this project, there are two research question which is using different type of statical analysis. The first research question was made to found out wether is it true that a good corporate governance will attract more investors to the company. The second research question was made to know have most company in Indonesia have issue their corporate governance report according to the standard and transparency. And the result of the research is that there are some correlation between the corporate governance and performance of company. The other finding is that some of the company in Indonesia still not transparent in disclosing the corporate governance report. Chapter 1 Introduction Research background Corporate governance is one of the important factors that should be maintain inside the company. Now adays a lot of investors not only looking for financial reports of the company but they are also looking for the corporate governance status of the company. Since the financial crisis in 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. Indonesia facing some diffculties in the economic factors. Alot of company were collapse , because many directors made a wrong decision. From that moment the economic and political condition in Indonesia is not stable. This problems will effects the corporate governance system in Indonesia. But by creating a good corporate governance structure they are some benefit from it. A good corporate governance system will help directors, corporate managers , and owner to better governing the company. Many international investors hesitate to invest their money if the corporate governance structure does not so good. They want to know how well the is the directors can manage the company. There are some important key role of the corporate governance which are a transparency of the company financial and non-financial reportings , independent commisioner , and audit committee of the company. Investors want to know clearly the way of company leaders directing their company in achiving the goal. Investors will not invest their money if the company does not have a clear structure of the company. That is why adopting a good corporate governance may have some advantages, it will be easier to obtain capital and increasing share price. Using the data of corporate governance it can also effects the performance of the company.The corporate governance report will shows all the activity of the leaders inside the company. In governing a company there are rules for the directors , managers, and shareholders that must be follow. Such as a Annual General Meetings, most of the leaders of the company must attend this meetings at lease twice a year. If they are not fullfil their job as a leader of the company, it will be reported in the corporate governance report. 1.2 Research Objectives 1.2.1 Primary Research Objectives The primary objectives of this project is to give some information about the latest situation of coporate governance in Indonesia using the latest data which is taken from the year 2009 and also a questioner which is from the year 2010. Many people believes that a good corporate governance system can attract more investors to the company, so inside this project it will tested wether that statement is true or not. And this project also want to know wether most of company in Indonesia have disclosed their corporate governance reporting transparently. 1.2.2 Secondary Research Objectives The secondary objective of this project are : From the research it will shows the advancement of corporate governance system in Indonesia. Showing the effectiveness of corporate governance reporting for the company Take some feedback from the employee in Indonesia about the corporate governance situation in the company where they are working. Chapter 2 Literature Review A good corporate governance is important for a company around the world. Instead of financial data of the company, investors also looking at the corporate governance disclosure data before they are deciding in which company that should they invest in. From the data it will show the management situation of that company. Some of the country around the world still very low in conducting a good corporate governance. Conducting a good corporate governance will make the company more profitable , it will attract more shareholders to invest in our company. Lawrence D. Brown and Marcus L. Caylor (2004) using a sample of 2,327 companies and based on 51 corporate governance provisions which is provided by Institutional Investor Services (ISS) they found out that companies which are better governed relatively got a better income or more profitable and most of the shareholders got more dividend from the company. Based on a data which is taken from Institutional Shareholder Service , they create b road measure of corporate governance and they create Gov- score. The Gov-score was measured of 51 factors which is encompassing eight categories of the corporate goverenance which is : board of directors , auditors , characters by laws , executive and director compensation , ownership , progressive practices , and state of incorporation. Financial problem now adays become the major topic globally , it effects a lot of firms around the world. PaquitaY. Davis , Li Li Eng , and Chao-Shin Liu (2006) they were investigate the role of corporate governance mechanisms and accounting system in four different countries in Asia which is Indonesia , Korea , Malaysia , and Thailand. Those countries were effected by Asian financial crisis. They found out that it is depends on the corporate governance mechanisms and accounting system in effecting the book value of equity and it is also determining the relation between the accounting information and stock prices during the economy-wide financial crisis. Results of their finding is the earnings in Thailand and Indonesia was reduced during the Asian financial crisis and increased in book of value. In Korea , neither earnings nor book of value was impacted by the crisis. And the last one which is in Malaysia both book of value and earnings was decreased during the Asian financial crisi s. Bernard S. Black , Woochan Kim , Hasung Jang , and Kyung-Suh Park (2009) conduct a research in KCGI (Korea Corporate Governance Index). They try to find the relation between level of corporate governance and the effects the firm market value. And the findings of their research that overall firms that are better governed got a some competitive advantage than other company. From the research , overall firms who got higher KCGI will get higher dividends , got a lower capital expenditures ( because of Korea firms that are overinvest) but the investment is more sensitive to profitability , lagged board structure predicts higher profit , the related party transactions will reduce adverse for firm value. Robert W.McGee (2010) Indonesia need to develop the structure of the corporate governance. By developing a good corporate governance he found out that it will helps increasing the share prices and it will be easier to obtain capital. And from his research information which is from the Worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s bank ROSC report about rights of shareholders , equitable treatment of shareholders , role of stakeholders in corporate governance , disclosure and transparancy , and responsibility of the boards from the scale one to five , Indonesia overall score is 2.83% which conclude from his research that corporate governance in Indonesia is need to be develop. From the research he suggested that companies in Indonesia need to strenghten shareholder access to the information of the company , in treating the shareholders must be equally , and company must fully adopt the International Financial Accounting Standards (IFRS) and also International Standards of Auditing. Meidyah Indreswari (2006) identified Indonesia corporate governance status which was turn bad because of the tragedy of economic crisis in 1997. From the research the writters found out there are several factors that make corporate governance fail in that year. Firstly, using agency theory to explain the relation between the agent and the principal was more problematic in ISOEs than the private enterprise. Secondly, the rules of board director and management is really important for the company. Government should reduce their intervention in ISOEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s operating system in order to make the boards of the company to work more effective. Thirdly, findings of the research shows that the corporate governance in Indonesia was not effective due to unclear information about role of corporate governance and also a unclear programmes of the company. These problems can create the lack of commitment of the employee to the company which lead to failling of the corporate governance. La stly, other factors that lead into fail corporate governance are culture , public governance , and law enforcement. In order to fix those factors, there should be a joint efforts from the public sectore is needed to ensure a good corporate governance will be occure. A study also conducted by Maria Andersson and Manal Daoud (2005) using the agency theory to test the factors that influence the corporate governance disclosure information in Swedish listed corporations. Using 41 listed companies in Swedish as an example , according to they research it found out that factors that influence the corporations are the parents company it self and the size of the corporation in disclose the corporate governance information. They also find out that agency theory is not a proper theory to find the influence of corporations in disclose information about corporate governance. Zheng Fan , Liyan Wang , Jidong Zhang (2008) they conduct a research about the relation of company motivation in voluntary disclosure will effect the earning quallity of the company. The research information was taken from the Chinese capital market in 2004-2006 period. And the results of their result is that the company disclosure data and corporate governance of the company will not effects the earning quality of the company. There are many companies in different countries that already adopted a good corporate governance. When a lot company have adopted a good corporate governance and shows the transparency of the company performance, it will be easier for the investors to choose in which country they will invest in. But in some countries such as Indonesia there are still some difficulties in adopting a good corporate governce. Benny Simon Tabalujan (2002) studied factors that made the corporate governance in Indonesia failed. Since the financial crisis in Indonesia which is around 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s there are a lot of trouble that effects the corporate governance system in Indonesia. The most influence factors that he found out were the legal culture and the law. According to his research Indonesia had so much law that must be follow , the law will make some difficulties for the company to perform. He was suggested that Indonesia need to less down those law and regulation for the company so company can perform well in the future. Dudi M. Kurniawan and Nur Indiriantoro (2000) did a research about the status of corporate governance in Indonesia. And the findings of the study were divided into 5 different parts which are factors that influence the corporate governance status in a company. The first part of his research was about the ownership structure in Indonesia companies. And he found out that Indonesia had two boards in corporate governance system which is not effective for the company. The second part of his research was about the efforts to develop the corporate governance in Indonesia , and he found out that Indonesia corporate governance still need a help from the international countries. The third part of his research was about the accounting standards in Indonesia which should be written according to the basic of International Accounting Standards. The fourth part of his research tell us about audit standards and the audit profession in Indonesia. He suggested that Indonesian auditors need to pay atte ntion to the standards in Indonesia. It is because according to his research a lot of Indonesian auditors look for USA auditors standards and forgeting the standards in his country. This will be a crucial effects for the company. And according to his research the cause of Indonesian financial crisis in 1997 was the auditors in Indonesia miss ditection of fraud that happened in most of companies in Indonesia. This fraud make a lot of company in Indonesia collapse.The fifth parts of his research found out the disclosure data of corporate Indonesia still need to be more transparancy to the public. So from his research conclude that there are a lot of challenges in conducting a good corporate governance in Indonesia but those challenges can be minimize if there is an efforts to conducting a good corporate governance from inside the company. Werner R. Murhadi (2009) did a research using some information from the Indonesia Stock exchange in period 2005-2007 specializes in manufacture companies to test the performance of the corporate governance in Indonesia. He was using five good corporate governance indicators which are independent commisioner , CEO duality , audit committee , top share , and shareholders coalition to investigate rather it will effects the earning management practices. The findings of the research was a good corporate governance will effect earning management practices which done by the company. Another thing that he found out from the research was a lot of companies in Indonesia do EM ( Earning Management ) with negative leans. The purpose of the company do that is to make their revenue look smaller which can help the company to avoiding tax. Sanjeev Bhojraj and Partha Sengupta (2001) they conducted research about the effect of corporate governance to the bond ratings and yield. They found out that corporate governance mechanisms will reduce conflicts of interest between the directors and the providers by monitoring to their actions. And they were also found out that company which have a greater institutional ownership and got influence by the external control of the board will have a lower bond yields and high ratings for the new bond issues. From the research they are suggested that company that are facing stronger external monitoring from the governance mechanisms are rewarded with low yields and high bond ratings. Monitoring the situation of the company should be maintain so it will stabilize the firm value of the company. Sridhar Arcot and Valentina G. Bruno (2009) studied about the different type of corporate governance will effects the firm performance. Their studied the effects of law in a country to the corporate governance mechanism. Since law and regulation is different from one country to the others, according Sridar and Valentina company must adjust to that law especially for the multinational firms. Disclosing corporate governance report is one of the important factor because they found out some of the governance report was uninformative which mean it was not clear. The impact of the weak corporate governace was it shows the the inefficient use of the firms resources which can lead to the poor operating income. Benny Simon Tabalujan (2002) studied factors that made the corporate governance in Indonesia failed. Since the financial crisis in Indonesia which is around 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s there are a lot of trouble that effects the corporate governance system in Indonesia. The most influence factors that he found out were the legal culture and the law. According to his research Indonesia had so much law that must be follow , the law will make some difficulties for the company to perform. He was suggested that Indonesia need to less down those law and regulation for the company so company can perform well in the future. Siti Nuryanah (2009) said there are still a problem in Indonesia corporate governance specially in audit committee. The problems in audit committee in Indonesia is that they holding a double positions in other companies, which it make the audit committee is not efficient in doing the works. And also , there are some company that does not have an audit committee. By not having an audit committee will become a problem for the board of committe in taking a decision. The research found out that 30 % from the JSX (Jakarta Stock Exchange) public listed companies does not have independent commisioners. Although that kind of problem occure , from her results it was found out that most of the companies in Indonesia have complied with the regulation of corporate governance. Chapter 3 Methodology 3.1 Data The data of this project was taken from annual report in Indonesia stock exchange, IICD (Indonesia Institute for Corporate Directorship) reports which is the latest report, and 100 questioners which is given to the working people in Indonesia. The questioner was translating into Indonesia Language. 3.2 Methodology In this project there are two-research question that can lead to the answer of this research project. Each of the research questions will be tested in different type of statistical analysis test. The two-research questions of this project are: First: Is it true that adopting good corporate governance will attract more investors? Second: Using some factors in corporate governance reports, does most company in Indonesia have report their corporate governance data transparently? By using these research questions, several questions in the questionnaire had been made to gather answers from the respondents which then it will be linked back to answer the research questions. Inside the questioner there are divided into two section. The first section of the questioner is basic question about the corporate governance and the employee posisition in a company which they are working. The second section of the questioner is the important answer for this project which is contain all information that will be used to analyze. As for the following questions in the questionnaires, respondents will be asked about questions which are mostly related to the research questions 3.2.1 Research Question 1 Is it true that adopting good corporate governance will increse the company performance ? Hypothesis: H1: good corporate governance will give a significant effect to the company performance H0: good corporate governance will not give a significant effect to the company perfirmance From the research that was conducted by Lawrence D. Brown and Marcus L. Caylor (2004) said that there were some advantages in adopting a good corporate governance. He was using a sample of 2,327 companies and based on 51 corporate governance provisions that are provided by Institutional Investor Services (ISS). And found out that company that are better governed are relatively got a better income or more profitable and most of the shareholders got more dividend from the company. Another people that argued about corporate governance mechanisms were Sanjev Bhojraj and Partha Sengupta they found out corporate governance mechanism can reduce a conflicts of interest between the directors. And also a company should monitoring inside the company so the goodness performance of the company can be maintain. From this type of question, from the statement above I would like to test whether companies that have a good corporate governance will have a lot of investors in it and also is it will attract more investors to the company. Using the survey question, it will guide to the answer of this question which are : How effective is the corporate governance report being used in your company? In your opinion, does good corporate governance will attract more investor? H0: à ? = 0 (There is no correlation between corporate governance and number of investors) H1: à ? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 (There is a correlation between corporate governance and number of investors) Sample correlation coefficient, commonly denoted  r, is calculated as following: Where X and Y are the sample means. T-test for correlation formula: 3.2.2 Research Question 2 Does most company in Indonesia have reported their corporate governance activity data transparently and disclosed it to the public on time ? Hypothesis: H1: All of the companies in Indonesia have disclosed their corporate governance activity transparently and on time H0: Not all of the companies in Indonesia have not disclose their corporate governance activity transparently and on time Werner R. Murhadi (2009) explored some information period 2005-2007 in Indonesia Stock Exchange specializes in manufacture companies to test the performance of the corporate governance in Indonesia. One of the result from his research was, he found out a lot of companies in Indonesia still not develop transparency in reporting data of the company. A lot of companies want to avoid tax by creating an incorrect data, which is making the revenue of the company looks smaller. Another researcher were Zheng Fan , Liyan Wang , Jidong Zhang (2008) they are argued that the company disclosure data and corporate governance of the company will not effects the earning quality of the company I would like to test whether most of the companies in Indonesia have disclosed their coporate governance data transparently. Because a good corporate governance will show a transparency data, all the performance of the companies which is bad or good must be inform to the public. One à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Way Anova (Parametric Test) From using this type of test , data that used to this test will be from question number 7, question number 8, question number 9 and question number 10 , the question from the survey have been desing will be in a way that respondents are asked to rate . This test is used to test the equality of 3 or more means by using the variances. H0:  µ1=  µ2=  µ3=  µ4 ( Most companies in Indonesia have disclosed their corporate governance activity transparently and on time) H1:  µ1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚    µ2à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚    µ3à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚    µ4 ( Not all of the companies in Indonesia have not disclose their corporate governance activity transparently and on time) The formulas for the various sums of squares are as follows: SSE = SST à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" SSA X = sample value ith item in the jth sample n = total sample size Xj = sample value of jth sample nj = size of the jth sample We will get the respective variances if we divide the sum of squares of SSA and SSE which are as follows: F-test formula: P-value: Degrees of freedom = k-1 Degrees of freedom = n-k These two values will be used to find the critical values for the F statistic and helps us to know whether the p-value is less than or more than the significance level. Conclusion: A null hypothesis will be rejected when the significant value from the test is lower than 5 percent 3.2.3 Limitations In this project there are some limitations in it. This project only representing a small objectives of coporate governance practices in Indonesia. Moreover, the data collected from this study are limited which is only from the Indonesia Institute of Corporate directorship and 100 questioners that had been given the working people in Indonesia. Chapter 4 Findings and Analysis 4.1 Data Statistic of Questioner Section 1 4.1.1 Statistics Questioner that was Given To the Respondent N Valid 100 Missing Total Respond 7 93 From the table 4.1.1, It shows that there are 100 valid questioner that have been produced but the respond that can be used only 93 because the other 7 questioner are missing or cannot be use. 4.1.2 Number of respondent that know corporate governance Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Yes 71 76.3 76.3 76.3 No 22 23.7 23.7 100.0 Total 93 100.0 100.0 4.1.3 Respondent Knowledge Of Corporate Governance Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Very Bad 5 7.0 7.0 7.0 Bad 17 23.9 23.9 31.0 Neutral 19 26.8 26.8 57.7 Good 19 26.8 26.8 84.5 Very Good 11 15.5 15.5 100.0 Total 71 100.0 100.0 4.1.4 Respondent Status In Company Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Director 19 26.8 26.8 26.8 Manager 11 15.5 15.5 42.3 Supervisor 13 18.3 18.3 60.6 Non-Supervisor 28 39.4 39.4 100.0 Total 71 100.0 100.0 4.1.5 Relationship Of Directors and Shareholders in Respondent Company Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Very Bad 7 9.9 9.9 9.9 Bad 18 25.4 25.4 35.2 Neutral 13 18.3 18.3 53.5 Good 26 36.6 36.6 90.1 Very Good 7 9.9 9.9 100.0 Total 71 100.0 100.0 4.2 Data Statistic of Questioner Section 2 Using pearson 4.2.1 Correlations between corporate governance and Shareholders Performance CG effectiveness Shareholders Performance CGeffectiveness Pearson Correlation 1 .219 Sig. (2-tailed) .066 N 71 71 ShareholdersPerformance Pearson Correlation .219 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .066 N 71 71 4.2.2 Correlations between Corporate governance and Commisioners Performance CG effectiveness Commisioners Performance CGeffectiveness Pearson Correlation 1 -.019 Sig. (2-tailed) .875 N 71 71 CommisionersPerformance Pearson Correlation -.019 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .875 N 71 71 4.2.3 Correlations between Corporate governance and Directors Performance CGeffectiveness DirectorsPerformance CGeffectiveness Pearson Correlation 1 .396** Sig. (2-tailed) .001 N 71 71 DirectorsPerformance Pearson Correlation .396** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .001 N 71 71 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). IICD ( Indonesia Institute of Corporate Directorship) have made a report about the corporate governance status in Indonesia. Since the corporate governance report 2009 have not been come out yet, I am using the data from the year 2008 which is issued in 2009 by the IICD institute. Corporate Governance Performance by SOEs, Bank, and Overall Category Mean Score of Corporate Governance Performance (%) 2008 Study Previous Study SOEs 76.80 74.63 Banking 75.55 71.11 Overall 61.26 67.29 The table above shows the performance of corporate governance in Indonesia Listed company. The data show in two different categories which are State Owned Enterprises sector and Banking sector. There were difference in Corporate governance performance between the SOEs variable and Banking variable. The SOEs performance was 75.20 %, while Banking was only 56.50 %. However, there are some improvement of corporate covernance practices in both of the group. There were around four percent of increasement for those top quartile and bottom quartile respectively. It is still challenging tasks facing Indonesian corporations, regulatory bodies, and other governance-related institutions how to enhance the commitment of these bottom quartile companies to good corporate governance practices as well as those companies with corporate governace performance between the top and the bottom quartile. This does not mean that attention to those top quartile firms is not necessary. In the meantime, empiric al evidence shows that corporate governance is significantly correlated to companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economic performance, although the correlation is weak. OECD Principles Mean Score (%) 2008 Study Previous Study Rights of Shareholders 50.37 51.23 Equitable Treatment of Shareholders 86.35 83.02 Role of Stakeholders 63.64 58.76 Disclosure and Transparency 70.81 66.64 Responsibilities of the Board 59.02 52.36 Overall Mean Score 64.96 61.26 Using the instrument from OECD ( Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development) the IICD institute has conducted a survey which was given to the 314 public listed company in Indonesia. Inside the survey they are consisting 5 principles of OECD which are : Rights of Shareholders , Equitable Treatment of Shareholders , Role of Stakeholders , Disclosure and Transparency , and Responsibilities of the board. From the survey the IICD institute analyze the status of corporate governance in Indonesia in the year 2008. The results of research shows there are deflation in rights of shareholders in the year 2008 which is 50.37 % and from the previous study it shows that 51.23 %. But others factors for corporate governance in Indonesia had been increase in 2008, such as equitable treatment of shareholders in the year 2008 was 86.35% which is shows an advancement comparing to the previous study only 83.02 %. The role of stakeholders percentage also rise up in the year 2008 which is 63.64 % comparing to the previous study which in only 58.76%. Other factors that have been changing which is disclosure and transparency of the company, in the year 2008 it reach 70.81 % and the previous study only reach 52.36 %. The last factors that upsurged was responsibilities of the board, in the year 2008 in achieve 59.02 % and the previous study only 52.36 %. The overall mean score of the year 2008 was 64.96 % and the previous study was 61.26 %. The data shows that by using the OECD principles , the situation of corporate governance in Indonesia is getting better. Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendatio Effect of Corporate Governance on Attracting Investors Effect of Corporate Governance on Attracting Investors Corporate governance is the way of corporation being directed which is involves a relationship between the manager , the shareholders , and other stakeholders of the company. The use of corporate governance is to provides the structure through which the objectives of the company are set. In adopting a good corporate governance, companies should be transparent of the financial reports. Now adays most company around the world have adopt good corporate governance system , but some of the countries have not adopt the system. In this project , it will contain a research of the corporate governance status in Indonesia. Wether most of company in Indonesia have adopted a good corporate governance or not. Inside this project, there are two research question which is using different type of statical analysis. The first research question was made to found out wether is it true that a good corporate governance will attract more investors to the company. The second research question was made to know have most company in Indonesia have issue their corporate governance report according to the standard and transparency. And the result of the research is that there are some correlation between the corporate governance and performance of company. The other finding is that some of the company in Indonesia still not transparent in disclosing the corporate governance report. Chapter 1 Introduction Research background Corporate governance is one of the important factors that should be maintain inside the company. Now adays a lot of investors not only looking for financial reports of the company but they are also looking for the corporate governance status of the company. Since the financial crisis in 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. Indonesia facing some diffculties in the economic factors. Alot of company were collapse , because many directors made a wrong decision. From that moment the economic and political condition in Indonesia is not stable. This problems will effects the corporate governance system in Indonesia. But by creating a good corporate governance structure they are some benefit from it. A good corporate governance system will help directors, corporate managers , and owner to better governing the company. Many international investors hesitate to invest their money if the corporate governance structure does not so good. They want to know how well the is the directors can manage the company. There are some important key role of the corporate governance which are a transparency of the company financial and non-financial reportings , independent commisioner , and audit committee of the company. Investors want to know clearly the way of company leaders directing their company in achiving the goal. Investors will not invest their money if the company does not have a clear structure of the company. That is why adopting a good corporate governance may have some advantages, it will be easier to obtain capital and increasing share price. Using the data of corporate governance it can also effects the performance of the company.The corporate governance report will shows all the activity of the leaders inside the company. In governing a company there are rules for the directors , managers, and shareholders that must be follow. Such as a Annual General Meetings, most of the leaders of the company must attend this meetings at lease twice a year. If they are not fullfil their job as a leader of the company, it will be reported in the corporate governance report. 1.2 Research Objectives 1.2.1 Primary Research Objectives The primary objectives of this project is to give some information about the latest situation of coporate governance in Indonesia using the latest data which is taken from the year 2009 and also a questioner which is from the year 2010. Many people believes that a good corporate governance system can attract more investors to the company, so inside this project it will tested wether that statement is true or not. And this project also want to know wether most of company in Indonesia have disclosed their corporate governance reporting transparently. 1.2.2 Secondary Research Objectives The secondary objective of this project are : From the research it will shows the advancement of corporate governance system in Indonesia. Showing the effectiveness of corporate governance reporting for the company Take some feedback from the employee in Indonesia about the corporate governance situation in the company where they are working. Chapter 2 Literature Review A good corporate governance is important for a company around the world. Instead of financial data of the company, investors also looking at the corporate governance disclosure data before they are deciding in which company that should they invest in. From the data it will show the management situation of that company. Some of the country around the world still very low in conducting a good corporate governance. Conducting a good corporate governance will make the company more profitable , it will attract more shareholders to invest in our company. Lawrence D. Brown and Marcus L. Caylor (2004) using a sample of 2,327 companies and based on 51 corporate governance provisions which is provided by Institutional Investor Services (ISS) they found out that companies which are better governed relatively got a better income or more profitable and most of the shareholders got more dividend from the company. Based on a data which is taken from Institutional Shareholder Service , they create b road measure of corporate governance and they create Gov- score. The Gov-score was measured of 51 factors which is encompassing eight categories of the corporate goverenance which is : board of directors , auditors , characters by laws , executive and director compensation , ownership , progressive practices , and state of incorporation. Financial problem now adays become the major topic globally , it effects a lot of firms around the world. PaquitaY. Davis , Li Li Eng , and Chao-Shin Liu (2006) they were investigate the role of corporate governance mechanisms and accounting system in four different countries in Asia which is Indonesia , Korea , Malaysia , and Thailand. Those countries were effected by Asian financial crisis. They found out that it is depends on the corporate governance mechanisms and accounting system in effecting the book value of equity and it is also determining the relation between the accounting information and stock prices during the economy-wide financial crisis. Results of their finding is the earnings in Thailand and Indonesia was reduced during the Asian financial crisis and increased in book of value. In Korea , neither earnings nor book of value was impacted by the crisis. And the last one which is in Malaysia both book of value and earnings was decreased during the Asian financial crisi s. Bernard S. Black , Woochan Kim , Hasung Jang , and Kyung-Suh Park (2009) conduct a research in KCGI (Korea Corporate Governance Index). They try to find the relation between level of corporate governance and the effects the firm market value. And the findings of their research that overall firms that are better governed got a some competitive advantage than other company. From the research , overall firms who got higher KCGI will get higher dividends , got a lower capital expenditures ( because of Korea firms that are overinvest) but the investment is more sensitive to profitability , lagged board structure predicts higher profit , the related party transactions will reduce adverse for firm value. Robert W.McGee (2010) Indonesia need to develop the structure of the corporate governance. By developing a good corporate governance he found out that it will helps increasing the share prices and it will be easier to obtain capital. And from his research information which is from the Worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s bank ROSC report about rights of shareholders , equitable treatment of shareholders , role of stakeholders in corporate governance , disclosure and transparancy , and responsibility of the boards from the scale one to five , Indonesia overall score is 2.83% which conclude from his research that corporate governance in Indonesia is need to be develop. From the research he suggested that companies in Indonesia need to strenghten shareholder access to the information of the company , in treating the shareholders must be equally , and company must fully adopt the International Financial Accounting Standards (IFRS) and also International Standards of Auditing. Meidyah Indreswari (2006) identified Indonesia corporate governance status which was turn bad because of the tragedy of economic crisis in 1997. From the research the writters found out there are several factors that make corporate governance fail in that year. Firstly, using agency theory to explain the relation between the agent and the principal was more problematic in ISOEs than the private enterprise. Secondly, the rules of board director and management is really important for the company. Government should reduce their intervention in ISOEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s operating system in order to make the boards of the company to work more effective. Thirdly, findings of the research shows that the corporate governance in Indonesia was not effective due to unclear information about role of corporate governance and also a unclear programmes of the company. These problems can create the lack of commitment of the employee to the company which lead to failling of the corporate governance. La stly, other factors that lead into fail corporate governance are culture , public governance , and law enforcement. In order to fix those factors, there should be a joint efforts from the public sectore is needed to ensure a good corporate governance will be occure. A study also conducted by Maria Andersson and Manal Daoud (2005) using the agency theory to test the factors that influence the corporate governance disclosure information in Swedish listed corporations. Using 41 listed companies in Swedish as an example , according to they research it found out that factors that influence the corporations are the parents company it self and the size of the corporation in disclose the corporate governance information. They also find out that agency theory is not a proper theory to find the influence of corporations in disclose information about corporate governance. Zheng Fan , Liyan Wang , Jidong Zhang (2008) they conduct a research about the relation of company motivation in voluntary disclosure will effect the earning quallity of the company. The research information was taken from the Chinese capital market in 2004-2006 period. And the results of their result is that the company disclosure data and corporate governance of the company will not effects the earning quality of the company. There are many companies in different countries that already adopted a good corporate governance. When a lot company have adopted a good corporate governance and shows the transparency of the company performance, it will be easier for the investors to choose in which country they will invest in. But in some countries such as Indonesia there are still some difficulties in adopting a good corporate governce. Benny Simon Tabalujan (2002) studied factors that made the corporate governance in Indonesia failed. Since the financial crisis in Indonesia which is around 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s there are a lot of trouble that effects the corporate governance system in Indonesia. The most influence factors that he found out were the legal culture and the law. According to his research Indonesia had so much law that must be follow , the law will make some difficulties for the company to perform. He was suggested that Indonesia need to less down those law and regulation for the company so company can perform well in the future. Dudi M. Kurniawan and Nur Indiriantoro (2000) did a research about the status of corporate governance in Indonesia. And the findings of the study were divided into 5 different parts which are factors that influence the corporate governance status in a company. The first part of his research was about the ownership structure in Indonesia companies. And he found out that Indonesia had two boards in corporate governance system which is not effective for the company. The second part of his research was about the efforts to develop the corporate governance in Indonesia , and he found out that Indonesia corporate governance still need a help from the international countries. The third part of his research was about the accounting standards in Indonesia which should be written according to the basic of International Accounting Standards. The fourth part of his research tell us about audit standards and the audit profession in Indonesia. He suggested that Indonesian auditors need to pay atte ntion to the standards in Indonesia. It is because according to his research a lot of Indonesian auditors look for USA auditors standards and forgeting the standards in his country. This will be a crucial effects for the company. And according to his research the cause of Indonesian financial crisis in 1997 was the auditors in Indonesia miss ditection of fraud that happened in most of companies in Indonesia. This fraud make a lot of company in Indonesia collapse.The fifth parts of his research found out the disclosure data of corporate Indonesia still need to be more transparancy to the public. So from his research conclude that there are a lot of challenges in conducting a good corporate governance in Indonesia but those challenges can be minimize if there is an efforts to conducting a good corporate governance from inside the company. Werner R. Murhadi (2009) did a research using some information from the Indonesia Stock exchange in period 2005-2007 specializes in manufacture companies to test the performance of the corporate governance in Indonesia. He was using five good corporate governance indicators which are independent commisioner , CEO duality , audit committee , top share , and shareholders coalition to investigate rather it will effects the earning management practices. The findings of the research was a good corporate governance will effect earning management practices which done by the company. Another thing that he found out from the research was a lot of companies in Indonesia do EM ( Earning Management ) with negative leans. The purpose of the company do that is to make their revenue look smaller which can help the company to avoiding tax. Sanjeev Bhojraj and Partha Sengupta (2001) they conducted research about the effect of corporate governance to the bond ratings and yield. They found out that corporate governance mechanisms will reduce conflicts of interest between the directors and the providers by monitoring to their actions. And they were also found out that company which have a greater institutional ownership and got influence by the external control of the board will have a lower bond yields and high ratings for the new bond issues. From the research they are suggested that company that are facing stronger external monitoring from the governance mechanisms are rewarded with low yields and high bond ratings. Monitoring the situation of the company should be maintain so it will stabilize the firm value of the company. Sridhar Arcot and Valentina G. Bruno (2009) studied about the different type of corporate governance will effects the firm performance. Their studied the effects of law in a country to the corporate governance mechanism. Since law and regulation is different from one country to the others, according Sridar and Valentina company must adjust to that law especially for the multinational firms. Disclosing corporate governance report is one of the important factor because they found out some of the governance report was uninformative which mean it was not clear. The impact of the weak corporate governace was it shows the the inefficient use of the firms resources which can lead to the poor operating income. Benny Simon Tabalujan (2002) studied factors that made the corporate governance in Indonesia failed. Since the financial crisis in Indonesia which is around 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s there are a lot of trouble that effects the corporate governance system in Indonesia. The most influence factors that he found out were the legal culture and the law. According to his research Indonesia had so much law that must be follow , the law will make some difficulties for the company to perform. He was suggested that Indonesia need to less down those law and regulation for the company so company can perform well in the future. Siti Nuryanah (2009) said there are still a problem in Indonesia corporate governance specially in audit committee. The problems in audit committee in Indonesia is that they holding a double positions in other companies, which it make the audit committee is not efficient in doing the works. And also , there are some company that does not have an audit committee. By not having an audit committee will become a problem for the board of committe in taking a decision. The research found out that 30 % from the JSX (Jakarta Stock Exchange) public listed companies does not have independent commisioners. Although that kind of problem occure , from her results it was found out that most of the companies in Indonesia have complied with the regulation of corporate governance. Chapter 3 Methodology 3.1 Data The data of this project was taken from annual report in Indonesia stock exchange, IICD (Indonesia Institute for Corporate Directorship) reports which is the latest report, and 100 questioners which is given to the working people in Indonesia. The questioner was translating into Indonesia Language. 3.2 Methodology In this project there are two-research question that can lead to the answer of this research project. Each of the research questions will be tested in different type of statistical analysis test. The two-research questions of this project are: First: Is it true that adopting good corporate governance will attract more investors? Second: Using some factors in corporate governance reports, does most company in Indonesia have report their corporate governance data transparently? By using these research questions, several questions in the questionnaire had been made to gather answers from the respondents which then it will be linked back to answer the research questions. Inside the questioner there are divided into two section. The first section of the questioner is basic question about the corporate governance and the employee posisition in a company which they are working. The second section of the questioner is the important answer for this project which is contain all information that will be used to analyze. As for the following questions in the questionnaires, respondents will be asked about questions which are mostly related to the research questions 3.2.1 Research Question 1 Is it true that adopting good corporate governance will increse the company performance ? Hypothesis: H1: good corporate governance will give a significant effect to the company performance H0: good corporate governance will not give a significant effect to the company perfirmance From the research that was conducted by Lawrence D. Brown and Marcus L. Caylor (2004) said that there were some advantages in adopting a good corporate governance. He was using a sample of 2,327 companies and based on 51 corporate governance provisions that are provided by Institutional Investor Services (ISS). And found out that company that are better governed are relatively got a better income or more profitable and most of the shareholders got more dividend from the company. Another people that argued about corporate governance mechanisms were Sanjev Bhojraj and Partha Sengupta they found out corporate governance mechanism can reduce a conflicts of interest between the directors. And also a company should monitoring inside the company so the goodness performance of the company can be maintain. From this type of question, from the statement above I would like to test whether companies that have a good corporate governance will have a lot of investors in it and also is it will attract more investors to the company. Using the survey question, it will guide to the answer of this question which are : How effective is the corporate governance report being used in your company? In your opinion, does good corporate governance will attract more investor? H0: à ? = 0 (There is no correlation between corporate governance and number of investors) H1: à ? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 (There is a correlation between corporate governance and number of investors) Sample correlation coefficient, commonly denoted  r, is calculated as following: Where X and Y are the sample means. T-test for correlation formula: 3.2.2 Research Question 2 Does most company in Indonesia have reported their corporate governance activity data transparently and disclosed it to the public on time ? Hypothesis: H1: All of the companies in Indonesia have disclosed their corporate governance activity transparently and on time H0: Not all of the companies in Indonesia have not disclose their corporate governance activity transparently and on time Werner R. Murhadi (2009) explored some information period 2005-2007 in Indonesia Stock Exchange specializes in manufacture companies to test the performance of the corporate governance in Indonesia. One of the result from his research was, he found out a lot of companies in Indonesia still not develop transparency in reporting data of the company. A lot of companies want to avoid tax by creating an incorrect data, which is making the revenue of the company looks smaller. Another researcher were Zheng Fan , Liyan Wang , Jidong Zhang (2008) they are argued that the company disclosure data and corporate governance of the company will not effects the earning quality of the company I would like to test whether most of the companies in Indonesia have disclosed their coporate governance data transparently. Because a good corporate governance will show a transparency data, all the performance of the companies which is bad or good must be inform to the public. One à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Way Anova (Parametric Test) From using this type of test , data that used to this test will be from question number 7, question number 8, question number 9 and question number 10 , the question from the survey have been desing will be in a way that respondents are asked to rate . This test is used to test the equality of 3 or more means by using the variances. H0:  µ1=  µ2=  µ3=  µ4 ( Most companies in Indonesia have disclosed their corporate governance activity transparently and on time) H1:  µ1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚    µ2à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚    µ3à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚    µ4 ( Not all of the companies in Indonesia have not disclose their corporate governance activity transparently and on time) The formulas for the various sums of squares are as follows: SSE = SST à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" SSA X = sample value ith item in the jth sample n = total sample size Xj = sample value of jth sample nj = size of the jth sample We will get the respective variances if we divide the sum of squares of SSA and SSE which are as follows: F-test formula: P-value: Degrees of freedom = k-1 Degrees of freedom = n-k These two values will be used to find the critical values for the F statistic and helps us to know whether the p-value is less than or more than the significance level. Conclusion: A null hypothesis will be rejected when the significant value from the test is lower than 5 percent 3.2.3 Limitations In this project there are some limitations in it. This project only representing a small objectives of coporate governance practices in Indonesia. Moreover, the data collected from this study are limited which is only from the Indonesia Institute of Corporate directorship and 100 questioners that had been given the working people in Indonesia. Chapter 4 Findings and Analysis 4.1 Data Statistic of Questioner Section 1 4.1.1 Statistics Questioner that was Given To the Respondent N Valid 100 Missing Total Respond 7 93 From the table 4.1.1, It shows that there are 100 valid questioner that have been produced but the respond that can be used only 93 because the other 7 questioner are missing or cannot be use. 4.1.2 Number of respondent that know corporate governance Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Yes 71 76.3 76.3 76.3 No 22 23.7 23.7 100.0 Total 93 100.0 100.0 4.1.3 Respondent Knowledge Of Corporate Governance Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Very Bad 5 7.0 7.0 7.0 Bad 17 23.9 23.9 31.0 Neutral 19 26.8 26.8 57.7 Good 19 26.8 26.8 84.5 Very Good 11 15.5 15.5 100.0 Total 71 100.0 100.0 4.1.4 Respondent Status In Company Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Director 19 26.8 26.8 26.8 Manager 11 15.5 15.5 42.3 Supervisor 13 18.3 18.3 60.6 Non-Supervisor 28 39.4 39.4 100.0 Total 71 100.0 100.0 4.1.5 Relationship Of Directors and Shareholders in Respondent Company Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Very Bad 7 9.9 9.9 9.9 Bad 18 25.4 25.4 35.2 Neutral 13 18.3 18.3 53.5 Good 26 36.6 36.6 90.1 Very Good 7 9.9 9.9 100.0 Total 71 100.0 100.0 4.2 Data Statistic of Questioner Section 2 Using pearson 4.2.1 Correlations between corporate governance and Shareholders Performance CG effectiveness Shareholders Performance CGeffectiveness Pearson Correlation 1 .219 Sig. (2-tailed) .066 N 71 71 ShareholdersPerformance Pearson Correlation .219 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .066 N 71 71 4.2.2 Correlations between Corporate governance and Commisioners Performance CG effectiveness Commisioners Performance CGeffectiveness Pearson Correlation 1 -.019 Sig. (2-tailed) .875 N 71 71 CommisionersPerformance Pearson Correlation -.019 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .875 N 71 71 4.2.3 Correlations between Corporate governance and Directors Performance CGeffectiveness DirectorsPerformance CGeffectiveness Pearson Correlation 1 .396** Sig. (2-tailed) .001 N 71 71 DirectorsPerformance Pearson Correlation .396** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .001 N 71 71 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). IICD ( Indonesia Institute of Corporate Directorship) have made a report about the corporate governance status in Indonesia. Since the corporate governance report 2009 have not been come out yet, I am using the data from the year 2008 which is issued in 2009 by the IICD institute. Corporate Governance Performance by SOEs, Bank, and Overall Category Mean Score of Corporate Governance Performance (%) 2008 Study Previous Study SOEs 76.80 74.63 Banking 75.55 71.11 Overall 61.26 67.29 The table above shows the performance of corporate governance in Indonesia Listed company. The data show in two different categories which are State Owned Enterprises sector and Banking sector. There were difference in Corporate governance performance between the SOEs variable and Banking variable. The SOEs performance was 75.20 %, while Banking was only 56.50 %. However, there are some improvement of corporate covernance practices in both of the group. There were around four percent of increasement for those top quartile and bottom quartile respectively. It is still challenging tasks facing Indonesian corporations, regulatory bodies, and other governance-related institutions how to enhance the commitment of these bottom quartile companies to good corporate governance practices as well as those companies with corporate governace performance between the top and the bottom quartile. This does not mean that attention to those top quartile firms is not necessary. In the meantime, empiric al evidence shows that corporate governance is significantly correlated to companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economic performance, although the correlation is weak. OECD Principles Mean Score (%) 2008 Study Previous Study Rights of Shareholders 50.37 51.23 Equitable Treatment of Shareholders 86.35 83.02 Role of Stakeholders 63.64 58.76 Disclosure and Transparency 70.81 66.64 Responsibilities of the Board 59.02 52.36 Overall Mean Score 64.96 61.26 Using the instrument from OECD ( Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development) the IICD institute has conducted a survey which was given to the 314 public listed company in Indonesia. Inside the survey they are consisting 5 principles of OECD which are : Rights of Shareholders , Equitable Treatment of Shareholders , Role of Stakeholders , Disclosure and Transparency , and Responsibilities of the board. From the survey the IICD institute analyze the status of corporate governance in Indonesia in the year 2008. The results of research shows there are deflation in rights of shareholders in the year 2008 which is 50.37 % and from the previous study it shows that 51.23 %. But others factors for corporate governance in Indonesia had been increase in 2008, such as equitable treatment of shareholders in the year 2008 was 86.35% which is shows an advancement comparing to the previous study only 83.02 %. The role of stakeholders percentage also rise up in the year 2008 which is 63.64 % comparing to the previous study which in only 58.76%. Other factors that have been changing which is disclosure and transparency of the company, in the year 2008 it reach 70.81 % and the previous study only reach 52.36 %. The last factors that upsurged was responsibilities of the board, in the year 2008 in achieve 59.02 % and the previous study only 52.36 %. The overall mean score of the year 2008 was 64.96 % and the previous study was 61.26 %. The data shows that by using the OECD principles , the situation of corporate governance in Indonesia is getting better. Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendatio